Ionic liquids in sample preparation

Abstract

Due to their unique properties, their good extractabilities for various target analytes, and the fact that many compounds are highly soluble in them, room-temperature ionic liquids (ILs) are used as promising alternatives to the traditional organic solvents employed in sample preparation. ILs have been used as extraction solvents for a wide range of analytes, from environmental contaminates to biomacromolecules and nanomaterials, and as dissolution solvents for various detection techniques. In this paper, the main applications of ILs in sample preparation are reviewed, and the problems and challenges in this area are described.

Application of Ionic Liquids to Extraction Separation of Rare Earth Metals with an Effective Diglycol Amic Acid Extractant

“…Growing attention has recently focused on room temperature ionic liquids (ILs) as alternatives to conventional organic solvents (Huddleston et al, 2001;Anderson et al, 2002;Rogers and Seddon, 2002;Zhao et al, 2005;Kubota and Goto, 2006;Plechkova and Seddon, 2008;Liu et al, 2009;Sun and Armstrong, 2010). ILs, which are molten salts generally composed of organic cations and various anions, have unique properties such as high thermal stability, negligible vapor pressure, and nonflammability, and are thus regarded as eco-friendly solvents.…”

“…Their greatest appeal is that their physicochemical properties such as polarity, viscosity, density, and affinity with other solvents are extensively tunable by varying the combination of cationic and anionic partners (Huddleston et al, 2001;Anderson et al, 2002). Water immiscible ILs have a variety of potential applications in separation and analytical chemistry as separation media (Zhao et al, 2005;Kubota and Goto, 2006;Liu et al, 2009;Sun and Armstrong, 2010). Since Dai et al (1999) first reported that the use of ILs as extraction diluents for metal ions offered significant improvements in extraction efficiency, IL-based extraction systems for metal ions have been intensively investigated using several conventional commercial extractants.…”

Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction of silver nanoparticles in water using ionic liquid 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate

“…Because of their unique properties such as negligible vapor pressure, good thermal stability and miscibility with water, ionic liquids (ILs) have been widely used in separation technology (Han and Row, 2010;Liu et al, 2005Liu et al, , 2009bTan et al, 2012). They have been applied for extraction of some nanoparticles.…”

Ionic Liquid-based Extraction of Heteropoly Molybdic Acids for the Sensitive Determination of Si, P, and As in High-purity Iron

“…This type of liquid has emerged as an attractive alternative extraction medium to conventional organic solvents because of the low volatility and flammability. [14][15][16][17] In addition to the safety, ionic liquids have a unique property of extracting charged and modesty hydrophobic species, possibly via ionexchange. An example is the extraction of some alkali and alkaline-earth metals complexed with neutral ligands (e.g., crown ethers).…”