Ionic Liquids: Green Solvents for Chemical Processing

Ríos, Antonia Pérez de los; Irabien, Ángel; Hollmann, Frank; Fernández, Francisco José Hernández

doi:10.1155/2013/402172

Cited by 41 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…As commented in the Introduction, RTILs have been described to be compatible with enzymatic catalysis [94][95][96][97][98]. RTILs (organic salts consisting of an organic cation and a polyatomic inorganic anion, liquid under 100°C), are broadly regarded as green solvents [118,119], as they have extremely Peer-reviewed version available at Catalysts 2020, 10, 1055; doi:10.3390/catal10091055…”

Section: Ethanolysis Of (R S)-1 In Rtils At Different Temperaturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocatalysis at Extreme Temperatures: Enantioselective Synthesis of both Enantiomers of Mandelic Acid by Transterification Catalyzed by a Thermophilic Lipase in Ionic Liquids at 120 °C

Ramos-Martín¹,

Khiari²,

Alcántara³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Section: Ethanolysis Of (R S)-1 In Rtils At Different Temperaturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocatalysis at Extreme Temperatures: Enantioselective Synthesis of both Enantiomers of Mandelic Acid by Transterification Catalyzed by a Thermophilic Lipase in Ionic Liquids at 120 °C

Ramos-Martín¹,

Khiari²,

Alcántara³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Ionic liquids (ILs) are salts that are molten at, or close to, room temperature. , They are composed of discrete anions and cations (Figure ) and have extremely high enthalpies of vaporization (Δ vap H ), making them effectively nonvolatile . Moreover, ionic liquids have high chemical and thermal stabilities and remarkable solvating power; hence, they were popularized as green solvents. − Changing anion–cation combinations of ionic liquids also changes their physicochemical properties, although this cannot be achieved in situ as with other tunable solvents. Concerns over the extensive manufacturing procedures of ionic liquids were highlighted early on. ,, The problem has been best represented by the life cycle tree of the common ionic liquid [C 4 C 1 Im][BF 4 ] (Figure ), which shows the large number of steps required to produce the ionic liquid from its origins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green and Sustainable Solvents in Chemical Processes

et al. 2018

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Sustainable solvents are a topic of growing interest in both the research community and the chemical industry due to a growing awareness of the impact of solvents on pollution, energy usage, and contributions to air quality and climate change. Solvent losses represent a major portion of organic pollution, and solvent removal represents a large proportion of process energy consumption. To counter these issues, a range of greener or more sustainable solvents have been proposed and developed over the past three decades. Much of the focus has been on the environmental credentials of the solvent itself, although how a substance is deployed is as important to sustainability as what it is made from. In this Review, we consider several aspects of the most prominent sustainable organic solvents in use today, ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, supercritical fluids, switchable solvents, liquid polymers, and renewable solvents. We examine not only the performance of each class of solvent within the context of the reactions or extractions for which it is employed, but also give consideration to the wider context of the process and system within which the solvent is deployed. A wide range of technical, economic, and environmental factors are considered, giving a more complete picture of the current status of sustainable solvent research and development.

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“…In this sense, the use of RTILs (room-temperature ionic liquids) can be very convenient, as they display very high boiling points and have been proven to be compatible with enzymatic catalysis [75][76][77][78]. RTILs (organic salts consisting of an organic cation and a polyatomic inorganic anion, liquid under 100 • C), are broadly regarded as green solvents [79], as they have extremely high enthalpies of vaporization (making them effectively nonvolatile), as well as high chemical and thermal stabilities and remarkable solvating power, so that they can be safely used at high temperature. However, the large number of steps required for their synthesis, sometimes demanding the use of non-renewable crude oil sources and some toxic intermediates, may alter their consideration as eco-friendly solvents [80].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocatalysis at Extreme Temperatures: Enantioselective Synthesis of both Enantiomers of Mandelic Acid by Transesterification Catalyzed by a Thermophilic Lipase in Ionic Liquids at 120 °C

Ramos-Martín¹,

Khiari²,

Alcántara³

et al. 2020

Catalysts

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The use of biocatalysts in organic chemistry for catalyzing chemo-, regio- and stereoselective transformations has become an usual tool in the last years, both at lab and industrial scale. This is not only because of their exquisite precision, but also due to the inherent increase in the process sustainability. Nevertheless, most of the interesting industrial reactions involve water-insoluble substrates, so the use of (generally not green) organic solvents is generally required. Although lipases are capable of maintaining their catalytic precision working in those solvents, reactions are usually very slow and consequently not very appropriate for industrial purposes. Increasing reaction temperature would accelerate the reaction rate, but this should require the use of lipases from thermophiles, which tend to be more enantioselective at lower temperatures, as they are more rigid than those from mesophiles. Therefore, the ideal scenario would require a thermophilic lipase capable of retaining high enantioselectivity at high temperatures. In this paper, we describe the use of lipase from Geobacillus thermocatenolatus as catalyst in the ethanolysis of racemic 2-(butyryloxy)-2-phenylacetic to furnish both enantiomers of mandelic acid, an useful intermediate in the synthesis of many drugs and active products. The catalytic performance at high temperature in a conventional organic solvent (isooctane) and four imidazolium-based ionic liquids was assessed. The best results were obtained using 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMIMBF4) and 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate (EMIMPF6) at temperatures as high as 120 °C, observing in both cases very fast and enantioselective kinetic resolutions, respectively leading exclusively to the (S) or to the (R)-enantiomer of mandelic acid, depending on the anion component of the ionic liquid.

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Ionic Liquids: Green Solvents for Chemical Processing

Cited by 41 publications

References 103 publications

Biocatalysis at Extreme Temperatures: Enantioselective Synthesis of both Enantiomers of Mandelic Acid by Transterification Catalyzed by a Thermophilic Lipase in Ionic Liquids at 120 °C

Biocatalysis at Extreme Temperatures: Enantioselective Synthesis of both Enantiomers of Mandelic Acid by Transterification Catalyzed by a Thermophilic Lipase in Ionic Liquids at 120 °C

Green and Sustainable Solvents in Chemical Processes

Biocatalysis at Extreme Temperatures: Enantioselective Synthesis of both Enantiomers of Mandelic Acid by Transesterification Catalyzed by a Thermophilic Lipase in Ionic Liquids at 120 °C

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