Ionic liquids-functionalized porphyrins as bifunctional catalysts for cycloaddition of carbon dioxide to epoxides

Pyridinium‐functionalized metalloporphyrins as bifunctional catalysts for cycloaddition of epoxides and carbon dioxide

“…Different with the reported bifunctional metalloporphyrin catalysts with flexible chains, the linkage units of pyridinium groups are quite rigid. So, MEtPpBr 4 may work through a bimolecular cooperative process . In this method, the reaction rate should be obviously affected by the concentration of catalyst …”

“…The yield of 4‐ethyl‐1,3‐dioxolan‐2‐one is low because the substituted group is an electron donor . According to reported mechanisms for the cycloaddition of epoxides and CO 2 , a proposed mechanism is illustrated in Figure . First, epoxide is activated by a Lewis acidic center of metalloporphyrin.…”

A DFT Exploration of Efficient Catalysts Based on Metal‐Salen Monomers for the Cycloaddition Reaction of CO2 to Propylene Oxide

“…Thus, a new reaction mechanism was proposed . Increasing numbers of new catalysts have been developed and novel mechanisms have been proposed in recent years, which greatly promote the research on such cycloaddition reactions.…”

Hybrid Metalloporphyrin Magnetic Nanoparticles as Catalysts for Sequential Transformation of Alkenes and CO2 into Cyclic Carbonates

“…Among numerousp ossible transformations, the cycloaddition of carbon dioxide to epoxidesi sa na tomeconomical approacht oprepare cyclic carbonates, [10][11][12][13] which has aw ide range of applications, namely as intermediates for fine chemicals or in the plastics industry,i nb iomedical applications, as electrolytes for lithium batteries, fuel additives, or green solvents. [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] However,t he previous synthesis of epoxides often in-volve the use of toxic and expensiver eagents, andr equire hard separation/purification procedures. [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] However,t he previous synthesis of epoxides often in-volve the use of toxic and expensiver eagents, andr equire hard separation/purification procedures.…”

“…[14][15][16][17] So far,g reat effort has been devoted to the development of efficient catalytic systemsf or this conversion, [10,18,19] such as organocatalysts, [20][21][22] ionic liquids, [23,24] and metal catalysts, [25,31] namely those based on metalloporphyrins. [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] However,t he previous synthesis of epoxides often in-volve the use of toxic and expensiver eagents, andr equire hard separation/purification procedures. [44][45][46][47][48] Alternatively, synthetic metalloporphyrins have been described as excellent cytochrome P450 biomimeticc atalysts to selectivelyp romote olefin epoxidation in as ustainable fashion.…”