Ionic liquids for the controllable preparation of functional TiO2 nanostructures: a review

Zhang, Yuheng; Liu, Wei; Chen, Siyi; Gao, Qing; Li, Qi; Zhu, Xiashi

doi:10.1007/s11581-020-03719-x

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 171 publications

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“…40 It shows that nanocrystalline TiO 2 synthesized in ILs had controllable structures and morphologies, such as the crystalline phase, particle size, and specific surface area, with changing the type of IL and the reaction environment, 1,41,42 and the details of preparing various TiO 2 nanomaterials in ILs (mostly imidazolium based) have been recently reviewed. 43 The presence of ILs not only provides a unique solvation environment (e.g., hydrophilic [Bmim]BF 4 versus hydrophobic [Bmim]PF 6 ) compared to other solvents but also acts as structure-directing agents for preparing various morphologies (e.g., the π−π stacking in the imidazolium ring). 43 The exploration of TiO 2 nanoparticles as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) stems from the high demand of the high-performance anode in the energy device industry, 44,45 mainly with regard to its theoretical specific capacity that could reach 330 mAh/g, 46 which is comparable to that of the graphite anode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…43 The presence of ILs not only provides a unique solvation environment (e.g., hydrophilic [Bmim]BF 4 versus hydrophobic [Bmim]PF 6 ) compared to other solvents but also acts as structure-directing agents for preparing various morphologies (e.g., the π−π stacking in the imidazolium ring). 43 The exploration of TiO 2 nanoparticles as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) stems from the high demand of the high-performance anode in the energy device industry, 44,45 mainly with regard to its theoretical specific capacity that could reach 330 mAh/g, 46 which is comparable to that of the graphite anode. Moreover, TiO 2 is known for its low cost, nontoxicity, and natural abundance and, thus, is suitable for largescale production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, well-defined, discrete, and porous TiO 2 nanosponges of 70–100 nm in size composed of 2–3 nm sized crystals were synthesized in a water-soluble IL (1-butyl-3-methylimmidazolium tetrafluoroborate, [Bmim]BF 4 ) using TiCl 4 as a precursor . It shows that nanocrystalline TiO 2 synthesized in ILs had controllable structures and morphologies, such as the crystalline phase, particle size, and specific surface area, with changing the type of IL and the reaction environment, ,, and the details of preparing various TiO 2 nanomaterials in ILs (mostly imidazolium based) have been recently reviewed . The presence of ILs not only provides a unique solvation environment (e.g., hydrophilic [Bmim]BF 4 versus hydrophobic [Bmim]PF 6 ) compared to other solvents but also acts as structure-directing agents for preparing various morphologies (e.g., the π–π stacking in the imidazolium ring) …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Open-Structured Oxyfluorinated Titanium Phosphate Nanosheets Synthesized with the Assistance of an Ionic Liquid and Their Use as an Anode in Lithium-Ion Batteries

Gao

et al. 2021

Energy Fuels

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Two-dimensional Ti 2 (PO 4 ) 2 F nanosheets were synthesized with an ionic liquid (IL) containing PF 6 ([Bmim]PF 6 ) via a hydrothermal method. In comparison, only anatase titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanoparticles were obtained when changing the type of anion ([Bmim]Br or [Bmim]BF 4 ) under the same conditions, suggesting that the anion type could greatly affect the crystalline phase, particle size, specific surface, and morphology of the final products; two-dimensional nanosheets were obtained in [Bmim]PF 6 , whereas nanocrystals with a relatively large surface were formed in the latter two ILs, as revealed by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen gas sorption, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy measurements. 1 H and 19 F nuclear magnetic resonance examinations of the fresh and recycled ILs suggest that the IL with the PF 6 anion experienced complete hydrolysis, which could be the key factor for the formation of such unique Ti 2 (PO 4 ) 2 F nanosheets. The electrochemical performances of such Ti 2 (PO 4 ) 2 F nanosheets were evaluated as anode materials in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in comparison to TiO 2 nanomaterials. The rate capability and cycling performance of the Ti 2 (PO 4 ) 2 F electrode outperformed the other two electrodes studied, as illustrated by cyclic voltammetry curves, charge/discharge behavior, and long cycling test, which is mainly due its unique layered structure and low surface area, which resulted in low volume change. The Ti 2 (PO 4 ) 2 F electrode derived from [Bmim]PF 6 displays a steady reversible capacity of 170 mAh/g and high cycling stability with over 70% capacity retention after 100 cycles. The synthesis of the controllable crystalline phase and morphology of Ti 2 (PO 4 ) 2 F nanomaterials with such ILs paves a useful route to prepare such alternative anode materials for LIBs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Open-Structured Oxyfluorinated Titanium Phosphate Nanosheets Synthesized with the Assistance of an Ionic Liquid and Their Use as an Anode in Lithium-Ion Batteries

Gao

et al. 2021

Energy Fuels

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“…Even though the shape-regulating ability of different ILs is widely appreciated due to their interesting nanomorphologies and consequent properties, , there are not many scalable approaches reported for creating 2D/3D nanomagnetic hexagonal plates using ILs. Studies suggest that ILs serve as a very viable medium for the synthesis of efficient inorganic catalysts .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydro-ionothermally Generated Paramagnetic Fe State-Embedded Ferromagnetic Iron Oxide with a 2D Hexagonal Nanostructure: A Conceptual Intervention on the Methylene Blue Degradation Mechanism

Joseph,

K K,

K S

et al. 2023

Crystal Growth & Design

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Adatom imperfections over the 2D crystalline topology can be purposefully or accidentally produced, and they can result in either desirable or undesirable features. Here, the work focuses on two key aspects of the veneer of synthetic inorganic chemistry: morphological tailoring using an ionic liquid (IL) template and the implanting of 2D surfaces with ILgenerated defects. By adjusting two factors, the amount of IL and autoclave time, we were able to fabricate hexagonal-shaped ferromagnetic 2D nanostructures with Fe adatom defects. These hexagonal-shaped flakes were found to be multiphase, consisting of both Fe 2 O 3 (hematite), which has a space group of R3̅ c (hexagonal structure), and Fe 3 O 4 (magnetite), which has a space group of Fd3̅ m (cubic structure). According to the photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) study, the high hydroxyl oxygen content and the high likelihood of producing Fe(OH) 2 resulted in the production of a hexagonal structure with an ideal shape. Even though ferromagnetic nature predominated, more Fe adatoms were present on the surface, leading to paramagnetic + Fe states. The production of leucomethylene blue (LMB) is indicated by a reversible rise in the UV−visible peaks at 202, 243, and 662 nm. A larger concentration of Fe 3+ on the catalyst surface, which forms a stable LMB-Fe 3+ complex, is directly associated with the creation of the LMB form. While challenging to isolate, LMB intermediate can form a stable complex when combined with a metal with a high oxidation state. This research also advances our understanding of the mechanisms underlying defect chemistry and the impact of ILs on solid-state crystallization's developmental morphology. Achieving a 2D hexagonal shape in our scenario was definitely feasible with a few IL under more watery and aerobic circumstances.

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“…A new solvent system, ionic liquids, attracts broad interest for the inorganic crystals synthesis due to their intrinsically ionic characteristics, negligible vapor pressure, good dissolving ability, thermal stability and high ionic conductivity (Ren et al, 2020;Zhang et al, 2020). The physicochemical properties of the ionic liquids are easily tunable thanks to their designable structure thus they can serve as environmentally benign solvents for microstructure regulations (Zhang et al, 2020). For instance, TiO 2 nanocuboids with active {100} and {001} facets were obtained using acetic acid and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Bmim][BF 4 ]) instead of introducing HF (Zhao et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic liquid-mediated microstructure regulations of layered perovskite for enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity

2022

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The presence of pollutants, e.g., pharmaceutical residues and industrial pollutants causes serious risks and irreversible damage to public health and ecological balance. Semiconductor-based photocatalysis is an attractive way to treat polluted water. Rational design and nanostructuring of semiconductors with visible light absorption and prominent surfaces could strengthen surface-interface reactions, resulting in improved photocatalytic degradation. Herein, layered structured perovskites Bi4Ti3O12 (BTO) were synthesized by an ionic liquid [1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide (Bmim)I] assisted approach. The precise tuning of synthetic conditions allowed formations of various microstructures, including spherical nanoparticles, nanoplates and nanorods, respectively. The optical analyses demonstrated that samples were typically visible light absorbents with narrow band gap energies (2.96–2.73 eV), and displayed pronounced degradation for pharmaceutical residues under visible light illumination. The factors responsible for the high efficiency of BTO photocatalysts were discussed in terms of unique structure, optical alignment, dipole induced carrier separation and formation of active radicals. Among studied samples, the nanorod shaped BTO showed 1.31 and 1.46 times higher apparent rate constants for tetracycline and ibuprofen degradation than its counterparts (spherical nanoparticles and nanoplates), respectively. The better performance of nanorods was ascribed to their higher visible light harvesting ability. Importantly, BTO nanorods exhibited nonselective degradation activity for diverse pollutants of pharmaceutical residues and industrial contaminants. This work demonstrates the unique strategy of microstructure regulation and a wide range of applications of layered perovskites for environmental remediation.

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Ionic liquids for the controllable preparation of functional TiO2 nanostructures: a review

Cited by 15 publications

References 171 publications

Open-Structured Oxyfluorinated Titanium Phosphate Nanosheets Synthesized with the Assistance of an Ionic Liquid and Their Use as an Anode in Lithium-Ion Batteries

Open-Structured Oxyfluorinated Titanium Phosphate Nanosheets Synthesized with the Assistance of an Ionic Liquid and Their Use as an Anode in Lithium-Ion Batteries

Hydro-ionothermally Generated Paramagnetic Fe State-Embedded Ferromagnetic Iron Oxide with a 2D Hexagonal Nanostructure: A Conceptual Intervention on the Methylene Blue Degradation Mechanism

Ionic liquid-mediated microstructure regulations of layered perovskite for enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity

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