“…New, high-performing antimicrobial and antiviral materials have to be developed. As a combination of salt and organics, ionic liquids (ILs) have been endowed with abundant and diverse properties (Zhang et al, 2014 ), including low volatility, a wide electrochemical window, a highly tunable structure, and thermal stability, which have been widely used as solvents (Liang et al, 2019 ; Shamshina and Berton, 2020 ), extractants (Gao et al, 2020 ; Wang et al, 2022 ), catalysts (Li et al, 2021 ; Sadjadi, 2021 ; Yuan et al, 2023 ), electrolytes (Fu et al, 2022 ), and so on. ILs could be self-assembled into low-dimensional nanoparticles due to their strong interactions between the cations and anions, H-bond direction, and large molecular volume (Dupont, 2011 ; Chen et al, 2014 ).…”