Ionic liquids as water-compatible GC stationary phases for the analysis of fragrances and essential oils: Quantitative GC–MS analysis of officially-regulated allergens in perfumes

Mazzucotelli, Maria; Minteguiaga, Manuel; Sgorbini, Barbara; Sidisky, Len; Marengo, Arianna; Rubiolo, Patrizia; Bicchi, Carlo; Cagliero, Cecilia

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460567

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Thus, DBDI has a satisfactory linear dynamic range, high accuracy and sensitivity, and can be used for the rapid and sensitive detection of fragrance allergens in perfume products without any sample pretreatment. In addition, when compared with GC/MS, DBDI has 2–4 orders of magnitude lower LOD and 2–3 orders of magnitude lower LOQ when analyzing these seven fragrance allergens 20–22 . Using DBDI, it only takes a few minutes to analyze a sample, i.e., the analysis time is significantly shorter than for any of the conventional methods to detect and quantify fragrance allergens 2,7,8,21 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid analysis of fragrance allergens by dielectric barrier discharge ionization mass spectrometry

Liu

Zenobi

2021

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Rationale Fragrances are organic compounds with pleasant odors that are widely used in every aspect of our daily life; some fragrance ingredients can cause allergic reactions. Hence, the qualitative and quantitative analysis of fragrance allergens can prevent consumers coming into contact with these compounds. In this study, we evaluated the ability of a dielectric barrier discharge ionization (DBDI) source for analyzing allergens that occur in fragrances. Methods A home‐built liquid‐infusion device was used to evaporate the liquid samples. An active capillary plasma ionization source, which is based on a dielectric barrier discharge, was used to ionize the analytes. Mass spectra were acquired in positive ion mode with an LTQ Orbitrap mass spectrometer. Results Seven typical fragrance allergens were analyzed in this study. The limits of detections (LODs) were as low as 0.0001 ppm and a linear dynamic range of 2–3 orders of magnitude was achieved. Allergens in five different perfume products were successfully analyzed and quantified by this method, with analysis times of less than 1 min per sample. Conclusions This work introduces a DBDI‐MS‐based analytical method for detecting and quantifying fragrance allergens. Since DBDI has the advantages of high sensitivity, simple operation and fast analysis time, it is very suitable for the rapid analysis of trace allergens in fragrances, and could easily be used for quality control of consumer products in the cosmetics market.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid analysis of fragrance allergens by dielectric barrier discharge ionization mass spectrometry

Liu

Zenobi

2021

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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“…The third part of the study was focused on speeding‐up the GC analysis to make it compatible with the sampling time. The above chromatographic method was translated to a 15 m × 0.10 mm d c , 0.08 μm d f column using the method translation approach [19,20,22]. The analysis time was thus reduced to 19 min, while the separation of all the markers was maintained.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…resins. The proposed method uses Vac‐HS‐SPME combined with fast GC‐MS with narrow bore columns coated with IL SPs to discriminate between frankincenses and is applicable to quality control that aims [19–23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploiting the versatility of vacuum‐assisted headspace solid‐phase microextraction in combination with the selectivity of ionic liquid‐based GC stationary phases to discriminate Boswellia spp. resins through their volatile and semivolatile fractions

Capetti

Rubiolo

Bicchi

et al. 2020

J of Separation Science

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“…For example, aqueous solvents are often incompatible with direct-injection GC/MS and can cause pressure/flow problems or may damage the columns or detector . Reported approaches for GC analysis of aqueous extracts include dilution or solvent exchange using a suitable organic solvent or injecting very low volumes into the instrument . Solvent exchange (liquid–liquid extraction) is another extract preparation approach to address the lack of analytical expediency of the original extraction solvent and involves partitioning the extractable analytes between two immiscible liquids or phases .…”

Section: Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Characterization and Non-targeted Analysis of Medical Device Extracts: A Review of Current Approaches, Gaps, and Emerging Practices

Sussman

Öktem

Isayeva

et al. 2022

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.

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The developers of medical devices evaluate the biocompatibility of their device prior to FDA’s review and subsequent introduction to the market. Chemical characterization, described in ISO 10993-18:2020, can generate information for toxicological risk assessment and is an alternative approach for addressing some biocompatibility end points (e.g., systemic toxicity, genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, reproductive/developmental toxicity) that can reduce the time and cost of testing and the need for animal testing. Additionally, chemical characterization can be used to determine whether modifications to the materials and manufacturing processes alter the chemistry of a patient-contacting device to an extent that could impact device safety. Extractables testing is one approach to chemical characterization that employs combinations of non-targeted analysis, non-targeted screening, and/or targeted analysis to establish the identities and quantities of the various chemical constituents that can be released from a device. Due to the difficulty in obtaining a priori information on all the constituents in finished devices, information generation strategies in the form of analytical chemistry testing are often used. Identified and quantified extractables are then assessed using toxicological risk assessment approaches to determine if reported quantities are sufficiently low to overcome the need for further chemical analysis, biological evaluation of select end points, or risk control. For extractables studies to be useful as a screening tool, comprehensive and reliable non-targeted methods are needed. Although non-targeted methods have been adopted by many laboratories, they are laboratory-specific and require expensive analytical instruments and advanced technical expertise to perform. In this Perspective, we describe the elements of extractables studies and provide an overview of the current practices, identified gaps, and emerging practices that may be adopted on a wider scale in the future. This Perspective is outlined according to the steps of an extractables study: information gathering, extraction, extract sample processing, system selection, qualification, quantification, and identification.

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Ionic liquids as water-compatible GC stationary phases for the analysis of fragrances and essential oils: Quantitative GC–MS analysis of officially-regulated allergens in perfumes

Cited by 12 publications

References 10 publications

Rapid analysis of fragrance allergens by dielectric barrier discharge ionization mass spectrometry

Rapid analysis of fragrance allergens by dielectric barrier discharge ionization mass spectrometry

Exploiting the versatility of vacuum‐assisted headspace solid‐phase microextraction in combination with the selectivity of ionic liquid‐based GC stationary phases to discriminate Boswellia spp. resins through their volatile and semivolatile fractions

Chemical Characterization and Non-targeted Analysis of Medical Device Extracts: A Review of Current Approaches, Gaps, and Emerging Practices

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