Ionic Liquids as Environmentally Friendly Solvents in Macromolecules Chemistry and Technology, Part II

Mallakpour, Shadpour; Rafiee, Zahra

doi:10.1007/s10924-011-0291-7

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 160 publications

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“…Applications of ILs as solvents for polymerization processes are the subject of many papers and have been reviewed focusing both on polymer science as well as on various applications (other excellent reviews are cited in Mallakpour and Rafiee). Compared to these articles, reports in which photochemical initiation was applied are rather limited.…”

Section: Photopolymerization In Ionic Liquidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoinitiated polymerization in ionic liquids and its application

Andrzejewska

2016

Polymer International

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Ionic liquids (ILs) are low-melting organic salts often liquid at room temperature, whose unique properties are the reason of increasing interest for their applications as solvents, reaction media and functional additives. The exceptional properties of ILs have proved to be particularly useful in polymer science giving the potential to produce polymeric materials with improved properties or to immobilize ILs in polymer matrices while keeping their special characteristics. One of the possibilities is polymerization in ILs which can also affect positively polymerization reactions. An especially attractive technique is photopolymerization due to the ease of process control, short reaction time and ambient working temperature. This review gives a literature survey of developments in photopolymerization processes carried out in ILs as well as applications of these processes. It covers both the photopolymerization in ILs as well as photopolymerization of IL monomers. The first part presents a short overview of physicochemical and photochemical properties of ILs; it includes also photochemical reactions and photoinitiation of polymerization in ILs. The second part covers both the basic research (kinetics of photopolymerization including polymerization rate coefficients and polymerization of IL monomers) as well as applications of UV-induced polymerization in ILs.

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Section: Photopolymerization In Ionic Liquidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoinitiated polymerization in ionic liquids and its application

Andrzejewska

2016

Polymer International

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“…All other commercially available chemical materials were used without further purification except for 1-methylimidazole, 1-iso-propylimidazole, 1-butylimidazole and aluminium trichloride. 1 H NMR (600 MHz) and 13 C NMR (75 MHz) spectra were performed by a Varian Gemini NMR Spectrometer (Varian Associates, Palo Alto, CA) using dimethyl sulfoxided 6 (DMSO-d 6 ) or CDCl 3 as solvent and tetramethylsilane as internal standard. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were carried out by a PerkinElmer Instruments Spectrum One Spectrometer (PerkinElmer, Foster City, CA).…”

Section: Materials and Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ILs have the potential for various applications such as catalyst, solvents for chemical synthesis and ionic conduction over the past decade. [5][6][7] Liquid crystals (LCs) are some kinds of soft materials for applications with a long time, and they are usually regarded as the fourth state of matter, apart from the solid, isotropic liquid and gas states. LCs with chiral units have presented large potential for various applications because they show a marvellous variety of LC phases such as chiral smectic phase, cholesteric phase and blue phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterisation of imidazolium-based ionic liquid crystals bearing a cholesteryl mesogenic group

Lan

et al. 2014

Liquid Crystals

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2014) Synthesis and characterisation of imidazolium-based ionic liquid crystals bearing a cholesteryl mesogenic group, Liquid Crystals, 41:12, 1843-1853, A series of cholesteryl-containing imidazolium chlorides and imidazolium tetrachloroaluminates were synthesised, and the chemical structure, liquid crystalline behaviour and ionic conductivity were characterised by several technical methods. Whereas the imidazolium chlorides show chiral smectic A (SmA*) phase on heating and cooling cycles, the imidazolium tetrachloroaluminates display chiral nematic (N*) phase, which is uncommon for ionic liquid crystals (ILCs). The imidazolium chlorides display similar phase transition temperature and entropy, indicating the cholesteryl component influence predominately on the phase transition rather than the different alkyl substituent groups. The imidazolium tetrachloroaluminates show lower melting point temperatures and lower clear point temperature than the imidazolium chlorides. The mesophases exist at rather moderate temperatures. Non-mesomorphic imidazolium tetrachloroaluminate(III) salts with short alkyl substituents have been known for a long time, and the synthesised imidazolium tetrachloroaluminates are the first examples of tetrahalogenoaluminate(III)-containing ILCs. For the imidazolium tetrachloroaluminates, imidazolium cations combine loosely with AlCl 4 − ions because AlCl 4 − ions are large and occupy more space in spite of the hydrogen bond and electrostatic attraction interaction, indicating that the layer structure can be destroyed easily to form N* phase on heating.

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“…The use of naturally derived plasticizer in flexible PVC represents a valid alternative to the use of phthalate plasticizers, aimed to reduce both the environmental and toxicological impact of flexible PVC . In fact, naturally derived plasticizers, also referred to as bio‐plasticizers, are now commonly found in flexible PVC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of cardanol derivatives as plasticizers for PVC

Greco

Ferrari

Sole

et al. 2016

Vinyl Additive Technology

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This work is aimed to study the suitability of cardanol derivatives as plasticizers for poly(vinyl chloride), (PVC). The plasticizers are obtained by chemical modification of cardanol, a natural, renewable resource, obtained as a by‐product of the cashew nut shell industry. Due to the choice of environmentally friendly chemical modification routes, partial conversion of cardanol to the target compounds was obtained. Consequently, the tested plasticizers were composed of a mixture of different cardanol derivatives. Rheological tests on PVC plastisols obtained with neat cardanol showed that cardanol must be subjected to chemical modifications, such as acetylation and epoxidation, in order to perform as an effective plasticizer. In particular, only after epoxidation, does the cardanol derivative become fully soluble in PVC. PVC plastisols obtained with such cardanol derivatives present a similar gelation temperature compared to bis (2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) based plastisols. Mechanical properties of the flexible PVC produced by the addition of cardanol derived plasticizer after epoxidation are also comparable to those attained by the use of DEHP. Nevertheless ageing tests showed an accelerated migration of cardanol derived plasticizer, attributed to the loss of unreacted cardanol present in the plasticizer, which was in turn responsible for a significantly faster degradation of the properties, compared to flexible PVC containing DEHP. This highlights the relevance of achieving a high yield of the acetylation and epoxidation reactions, which is a relevant issue of the future research and development activities in this field. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 24:E62–E70, 2018. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Ionic Liquids as Environmentally Friendly Solvents in Macromolecules Chemistry and Technology, Part II

Cited by 23 publications

References 160 publications

Photoinitiated polymerization in ionic liquids and its application

Photoinitiated polymerization in ionic liquids and its application

Synthesis and characterisation of imidazolium-based ionic liquid crystals bearing a cholesteryl mesogenic group

Use of cardanol derivatives as plasticizers for PVC

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