Ionic liquids as coagents for sulfur vulcanization of butadiene–styrene elastomer filled with carbon black

Abstract

The aim of this work was to study the activity of several alkylimidazolium salts of bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imides to obtain a very fast vulcanization of the butadiene-styrene (SBR) elastomer. Ionic liquids (ILs) such as alkylimidazolium salts with ethyl-, propyl-, butyl-, hexyl-, decyl-, dodecyl-, and hexadecyl chains in the cation together with nanosized zinc oxide are used to develop elastomer composites with very short vulcanization time and a reduced amount of vulcanization activator. In this article, we discuss the effect of the ILs with respect to the length of alkyl chain in their cation on the vulcanization kinetics of rubber compounds. The influence of ILs on the crosslink density as well as the mechanical properties of the vulcanizates and their resistance to thermo-oxidative and UV aging were also studied. ILs resulted in a shortened optimal vulcanization time and reduced the onset vulcanization temperature compared to zinc oxide containing rubber compound. This is very important from a technological point of view. A considerable increase in the crosslink density of vulcanizates was also observed.

The potential application of cereal straw as a bio-filler for elastomer composites

“…The Huggins parameters (χ) for rubber-toluene systems are given by the following equations [23][24][25][26]:…”

Thermal characterization of the effect of fillers and ionic liquids on the vulcanization and properties of acrylonitrile–butadiene elastomer

“…This behavior may be related to the influence of BMpyrBF 4 on the dispersion of the filler and curatives in the elastomer matrix. ILs were reported to improve the dispersion of CB [6,14], or HTA [11] and, most importantly, the dispersion of curatives in the elastomers [6,17]. This effect is not so evident in the case of A380-filled NBR.…”

“…This phenomenon deteriorates the efficiency of vulcanization, leads to changes in the filler-elastomer interaction and has an influence on the cross-link distribution in the elastomer network formed during vulcanization [13]. An influence on the thermal stability of elastomer composites or their vulcanization was also described for ILs [11,14,15]. For example, applying MMT intercalated with ILs improved the thermal stability of the NBR composites, which was explained by the extra interactions between the cations present in the clay layers and the elastomer chains and by the homogeneous dispersion of the intercalated filler in the elastomer matrix.…”

Effect of SILPs on the Vulcanization and Properties of Ethylene–Propylene–Diene Elastomer

“…A homogeneous dispersion accompanied by exfoliation of the filler layers in the polymer matrix was achieved, which is essential to improve the physicochemical properties of the composites. The positive effect of ILs on the curing characteristics, including the optimal vulcanization time of the rubber compounds, as well as the crosslink density, ability to dampen vibrations, and thermal stability of the vulcanizates has been reported [ 15 , 16 , 17 ].…”