Ionic liquids and lignin interaction: An overview

Bio-based platform chemicals synthesized from lignin biorefinery

“…To date, ionic liquid types for lignin extraction have mainly included protic and aprotic ionic liquids, in which protic ionic liquid has been widely used for lignin extraction owing to its superior performance. 69 However, the cost and synthesis still need to be considered. During ionic liquid extraction, the extraction and dissolution of lignin can be explained by the strong interaction between ILs and lignocellulose.…”

“…During ionic liquid extraction, the extraction and dissolution of lignin can be explained by the strong interaction between ILs and lignocellulose. 58,63,69 These interactions mainly include hydrogen bonds, π-π or n-π interactions, electrostatic forces and van der Waals forces, in which hydrogen bonds and π-π or n-π interactions are considered the main force to extract and dissolve lignin. The established hydrogen bonds between lignocellulosic and anion of ILs compete with the inter hydrogen bonds of lignocellulose, thus efficiently cleaving the threedimensional networks in lignocellulose.…”

Antimicrobial and antioxidant supramolecular ionic liquid gels from biopolymer mixtures

“…In particular, the results obtained can indicate that cation-π interactions occurring between the aromatic polymer, LG, and the [bmpyrr + ] cation give rise to the formation of a denser network compared with the one occurring for LG in [bmim + ]-based ILs, in which π-π interactions should mainly operate. 44 To provide further evidence of the possibility of interactions between lignin and the [bmpyrr][OAc] IL, we recorded the 1 H NMR spectra of [bmpyrr][OAc] in the absence and presence of lignin, in relative amounts comparable to the ones used in the gels. The spectra obtained are reported in Fig.…”

Spatio-Temporal Modification of Lignin Biosynthesis in Plants: A Promising Strategy for Lignocellulose Improvement and Lignin Valorization

“…The application of ILs for lignin fractionation from biomass has been gaining significant attention due to its nonvolatility, low melting temperatures, thermostability, ecofriendly nature, less impact on cellulose, and shorter reaction time (Rawat et al, 2022). ILs solubilize lignin from biomass by forming hydrogen bonds, covalent bonds, and pi stacking interactions (Singh, 2022), which has been reported as the ionoSolv process. For example, lignin isolated from Eucalyptus nitens wood using ILs such as 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate or triethylammonium hydrogen sulfate has less recalcitrance for further downstream processing (Penin et al, 2020).…”