Ionic Liquid-Mediated Preparation of Noncytotoxic Hemocompatible Stable DNA−ε-Poly-l-lysine Polyplexes: A New Sustainable Approach for the Bulk Production of Potential Nonviral Vectors for Gene Delivery Applications

Abstract

Nonviral vectors are gaining importance as gene delivery systems. However, to meet the large-scale applications, their sustainable production is of utmost importance. Hence, a cost-effective and one-pot strategy for their bulk production is desirable. Herein, a sustainable method for the facile production of nonviral gene vectors, using ε-poly-l-lysine and DNA, having the potential for gene delivery applications was developed using ionic liquids. The hemocompatible nanosized negatively charged polyplexes thus prepared were stable in aqueous media and were found to be noncytotoxic against human HeLa cells. The method developed produces no byproducts and, hence, has maximum atom economy, which is essential while considering it for bulk production. Further, the process is a single step and facilitated at room temperature (30 °C), which makes it energy efficient and cost-effective. Because of the ease of production, the method for the production of polyplexes reported herein may promote the bulk production of biopolymer-based nonviral vectors for advanced gene delivery applications.

Non-Modified CpG Oligodeoxynucleotide Forming Guanine-Quadruplex Structure Complexes with ε-Poly-L-Lysine Induce Antibody Production as Vaccine Adjuvants

“…The zeta potential values were maintained at approximately +5 mV, and the N/P ratio increased to 20. This result is consistent with a previous study in which Bhatt et al reported a charge of +4.47 mV for the ε-PLL aqueous solution [ 44 ].…”

Melanin Upcycling: Creation of Polymeric Materials from Melanin Decomposition Products

“…Syntheses of polymers from the AMDP raw material were investigated. ε-PL, which has primary amino groups, is a polypeptide obtained by microbial fermentation and is biodegradable; it is usually combined with other polymers to form films. − Herein, we attempted to prepare ε-PL-based films via condensation reactions with different AMDP ratios (0.2, 2.4, and 7.2 wt % relative to the ε-PL weight) (Figure a). The viscous ε-PL liquid reacted with AMDP in the presence of the condensing agent DMT-MM, and the product was purified by dialysis and lyophilized to produce powdered samples.…”

Seaweed Polysaccharide Based Products and Materials: An Assessment on Their Production from a Sustainability Point of View

“…ILs have properties such as non-flammability, low vapor pressure, low melting point, excellent thermal and electrochemical stability, high conductivity, high stabilization of specific solutes and the ability to recycle [99]. By using various combinations of cations and anions, ILs have a wide range of applications in the fields of lubricants and additives (lubricants and fuel additive) [100,101], electroelastic material (artificial muscles and robotics) [102], analytics [103][104][105], solvents for processing [106][107][108][109][110][111][112][113][114], liquid crystals (displays) [115,116], heat storage (thermal fluids) [117], electrolytes [118][119][120], and separation (gas separations, extractive distillation, extraction, and membranes) [121][122][123].…”