Ionic liquid functionlized on multiwall carbon nanotubes for nickel and lead determination in human serum and urine samples by micro solid-phase extraction

Abstract

In this study, a novel synthesis adsorbent, 1-(3-aminopropyl)-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate functionlized on multiwall carbon nanotubes ([Apmim][PF6]-MWCNTs, IL@MWCNTS) was used for nickel/lead (Ni/Pb) extraction and determination by dispersive ionic liquid micro solid-phase extraction (DIL-μ-SPE) coupled to electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET-AAS). After dilution of 20 mg of IL@MWCNTS in 200 μL of acetone, the mixture was injected to 10 mL of human serum/urine samples at pH of 8.0. After sonication for 5 min, the Ni(II) / Pb(II) were extracted by ionic liquid phase and then centrifuged for 2.5 min. The upper liquid phase set aside and Ni(II) / Pb(II) loaded in adsorbent were back-extracted by acidic solution at pH=2-3. Finally, the concentration of total nickel and lead was determined by ET-AAS. By optimizing, the limit of detection, linear range, and enrichment factor for nickel and lead were obtained (0.05 μg L−1; 0.1 μg L−1), (0.2-5.8 μg L−1; 0.4-30 μg L−1) and 24.7; 5.1, respectively (RSD less than 5%). Also, the capacity absorption of IL@MWCNTS for nickel and lead ions were achieved 149.3 mg g-1 and 162.5 mg g-1, respectively. The DIL-μ-SPE procedure was validated for nickel and lead extraction by spiking of real samples and ICP-MS analyzer.

Green Extraction Techniques as Advanced Sample Preparation Approaches in Biological, Food, and Environmental Matrices: A Review

“…GreET usage also reduces the risk of analyte degradation and matrix changes due to enzymatic conversion, as well as fast sample collection and clean-up. Different examples of applications involving blood sampling using GreETs can be found in the literature, such as VOCs (SPME [77]), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs, pipette-tip SPE [78]), Ni and Pb (µSPE [79]), opiates (MEPS [70]), and antidepressants (FPSE [80]). SPME has also been reported in in vivo assays with biological matrices like tissues.…”

“…MSPE allowed the extraction of trace metals in food products [127] (additional examples available in Table S2). Moreover, studies have shown that this technique can be used for the determination of acrylamide [78,79], bisphenols [80], PAHs [128], plant growth regulators [129], and caffeine [130]. FPSE is another GreET that has been shown to be very useful for the determination of several classes of pesticides in foods [96].…”

Highly selective electrochemical sensing based on electropolymerized ion imprinted polyaniline (IIPANI) on a bismuth modified carbon paste electrode (CPE-Bi) for monitoring Nickel(ii) in river water

“…4,5 It is not easy to trace heavy metals in low quantities. The current advanced analytical methods such as atomic uorescence spectroscopy (AFS), inductive coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS), and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) [7][8][9][10][11] have shown satisfactory results. However, those methods are fraught with difficulties, including multi-step, time-consuming, and expensive procedures.…”