Ionic Liquid-Based Preparation of Cellulose−Dendrimer Films as Solid Supports for Enzyme Immobilization

Abstract

Surface-active cellulose films for covalent attachment of bioactive moieties were achieved by codissolution of cellulose with polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers in an ionic liquid followed by regeneration of the composite as a film. Different generations of PAMAM were used for the formation of cellulose-dendrimer composites, as well as films with the dendrimer covalently bonded to the cellulose by means of the linker 1,3-phenylene diisocyanate. Surface characterization, thermal stability, and utility for immobilization of laccase were determined. The presence of the dendrimer amino groups was confirmed by detailed characterization of the films' surfaces. These modified films exhibit acceptable thermal stability, comparable to that of other regenerated cellulose films, but the number of active functional groups on the surface is much smaller than the theoretical amount expected. Films made with 1,3-phenylene diisocyanate as linker for covalently bound cellulose and dendrimers exhibit a better performance for immobilization of laccase than those prepared by simple mixing of the cellulose and dendrimer. In general, a linear correspondence between the dendrimer generation within the films and the specific activity of immobilized laccase in such films was not observed.

Ionic Liquid as Reaction Media for the Production of Cellulose-Derived Polymers from Cellulosic Biomass

“…Therefore, development of alternative solvents for the efficient dissolution and transformation of lignocellulose into value-added products is necessary. Promising solvents for cellulose processing are the ionic liquids (ILs) [10][11][12][13].…”

Applications of Ionic Liquids for the Development of Optical Chemical Sensors and Biosensors

“…The cellulose films reconstituted from imidazolium ILs were also explored as a platform for noncovalent and covalent immobilization of several enzymes. 38,88,[104][105][106] The procedures for producing enzyme-containing films differed from each other by the cellulose content, conditions of its dissolution in ILs, and the features of adding biocatalysts into the matrix. Laccase from Rhus vernicifera was the first enzyme, immobilized into cellulose films.…”

“…Thanks to the modification of the cellulose film surface by different polyamines with high concentrations of primary amino groups 104 and biocompatible polyamidoamine dendrimers, 105 covalently immobilized laccase retained at least 50% of its initial catalytic activity. The improvement of the specific enzyme activity was attributable to multiple branching sites with free amino groups on the surface for the further covalent attachment of the enzyme 105 but not the presence of [BMIm]Cl.…”

“…Conditions of noncovalently and covalently immobilizing an enzyme into/on the cellulose films are under detailed investigation. Although there have been some attempts to determine the enzyme substrates (syringaldazine, 38,104,105 guaiacol, 70 aryldiamines, 88 catecholamines, 88 and o-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside), 106 the practical use of such kinds of biosensing materials seems to be a future goal. Currently, there exists only one cellulosebased film sensor with a noncovalently immobilized catalytic indicator system of pyronin B-Mn(II)-sodium dodecyl sulfate for fluorescent determination of artemisinin in pharmaceuticals.…”

Metal Nanoparticles/Ionic Liquid/Cellulose: Polymeric Membrane for Hydrogenation Reactions

“…Moreover, the unique structure of the catalytic polymeric membranes may have other additional advantages such as immobilizing more active and selective nanosized catalysts with a reduction in particles loss, prevention of nanoparticles agglomeration, and the establishment of a porous contact region between gas and liquid phases within the polymeric membrane structure [34] . Therefore, the combination of metal nanoparticles dispersed in an ionic liquid with a polymeric organic membrane such as cellulose derivatives [35][36][37][38][39][40] may generate new and versatile catalytic materials [41] . Indeed, we report that the association of rhodium [42] and platinum [43] nanoparticles with 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide (BMI.…”