Ionic liquid‐based headspace in‐tube liquid‐phase microextraction coupled with CE for sensitive detection of phenols

Abstract

An ionic liquid-based headspace in-tube liquid-phase microextraction (IL-HS-ITLPME) in-line coupled with capillary electrophoresis (CE) is proposed. The method is capable of quantifying trace amounts of phenols in environmental water samples. In the newly developed method, simply by placing a capillary injected with IL in the HS above the aqueous sample, volatile phenols were extracted into the IL acceptor phase in the capillary. After extraction, electrophoresis of the phenols in the capillary was carried out. Extraction parameters such as the extraction time, extraction temperature, ionic strength, volume of the sample solution and IL types were systematically investigated. Under the optimized conditions, enrichment factors for four phenols were from 1510 to 1985. The proposed method provided a good linearity, low limits of detection (below 5.0 ng mL ), and good repeatability of the extractions (RSDs below 6.7%, n = 6). This method was then utilized to analyze two real environmental samples of Xiaoxi Lake and tap water, obtaining acceptable recoveries and precisions. Compared with the usual HS-ITLPME for CE, IL-HS-ITLPME-CE is a simple, low-cost, fast and environmentally friendly pre-concentration technique. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Voltammetric sensor based on electrodeposited molecularly imprinted chitosan film on BDD electrodes for catechol detection in buffer and in wine samples

“…Their consumption protects against the development of certain diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. The classical analytical methods reported for the determination of phenolic compounds include gas chromatography [3], HPLC [4], spectrophotometry [5], capillary electrophoresis [6]. Developing electrochemical sensors and biosensors is worthwhile due to their simplicity, low cost and fast response time.…”

Practical sample pretreatment techniques coupled with capillary electrophoresis for real samples in complex matrices

“…To apply ITME for HS extraction, the separation capillary filled with an acceptor plug needs to be held in the HS above the sample, the simplest possible LPME in-line coupling mode with CE. HS-ITME-CE was first used for the analysis of chlorophenols in wine [28], followed by phenol analysis in environmental samples (lake water) [29].…”

Single bubble in‐tube microextraction coupled with capillary electrophoresis

“…In HS-ITME-CE, the capillary inlet containing the acceptor plug was simply placed in the HS above a sample solution. Since the acceptor phase was well protected by the capillary, a long extraction at a temperature as high as 90°C could be performed with ease [22,24]. However, for a short extraction time, the extraction efficiency of HS-SDME or HS-ITME was not maximized because it takes some time for the analytes to fill the HS and reach saturated concentrations, especially for compounds of low volatility [25][26][27].…”