Ionic liquid-assisted synthesis of tri-functional ruthenium oxide nanoplatelets for electrochemical energy applications

Hollow Ru/RuO2 nanospheres with nanoparticulate shells for high performance electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reactions

“…For example, RuO 2 nanorods and nanoplates have been prepared to show h 10 values of 320-400 mV and Tafel slopes of 82.5-86 mV dec −1 . [44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55] Introduction of additional metal oxides to RuO 2 has improved electrocatalytic performance, due to enhanced defects or cooperative catalysis. For example, RuO 2 /Co 3 O 4 and RuO 2 /CeO 2 nanocomposites have been engineered to show the improved h 10 values of 302-350 mV and Tafel slopes of 74-74.37 mV dec −1 .…”

“…Recently, various RuO 2 -based systems have been studied as electrocatalysts for the OER in alkaline electrolytes in the literature. [44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55] Table S2 in the ESI † summarizes the electrocatalytic performance of recent RuO 2 materials in alkaline electrolyte (KOH solution) for the OER. For example, RuO 2 nanorods and nanoplates have been prepared to show h 10 values of 320-400 mV and Tafel slopes of 82.5-86 mV dec −1 .…”

“…For example, RuO 2 /Co 3 O 4 and RuO 2 /CeO 2 nanocomposites have been engineered to show the improved h 10 values of 302-350 mV and Tafel slopes of 74-74.37 mV dec −1 . [44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55] For further improvement of OER performance, additional carbon materials such as carbon nanotubes and doped-graphenes have been incorporated into RuO 2 , showing h 10 values of 209-255 mV and Tafel slopes of 56-64 mV dec −1 . [44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55] It should be noted that RuO 2 nanoparticles without additional carbon materials showed h 10 values of 302-400 mV and Tafel slopes of 74-86 mV dec −1 in the literature (Table S2 in the ESI †).…”

“…[44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55] For further improvement of OER performance, additional carbon materials such as carbon nanotubes and doped-graphenes have been incorporated into RuO 2 , showing h 10 values of 209-255 mV and Tafel slopes of 56-64 mV dec −1 . [44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55] It should be noted that RuO 2 nanoparticles without additional carbon materials showed h 10 values of 302-400 mV and Tafel slopes of 74-86 mV dec −1 in the literature (Table S2 in the ESI †). While the h 10 of 295 mV and the Tafel slope of 46 mV dec −1 are not a state-of-the-art world-record, the electrocatalytic performance of HN-Ru/RuO 2 is quite inspiring, considering that it resulted from morphology engineering of electrocatalysts.…”