Ionic Liquid-Assisted Liquid–Liquid Microextraction based on the Solidification of Floating Organic Droplet in Sample Preparation for Simultaneous Determination of Herbicide Residues in Fruits

Abstract

An ionic liquid-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction based on the solidification of floating organic droplet (ILSFOD-LLME) was investigated for analysis of four herbicide residues (i.e. simazine, atrazine, propazine, and linuron) by high performance liquid chromatography. For ILSFOD-LLME, the optimal extraction conditions were 5% w/v Na 2 SO 4 , 30 μL [C 4 MIM][PF 6 ]RTIL, 100 μL of 1-octanol, ultrasonication time 30 s and centrifugation at 5000 rpm for 5 min. Under the optimal conditions, linearity was obtained within the range of 0.1-1000 μg kg -1 , with the correlation coefficients greater than 0.999. The high enrichment factors of the target analytes were in the range of 64.5-139.9 and low limit of detection could be obtained. A modified QuEChERS was applied for fruit sample preparation before analysis. Matrix effects were also investigated using matrix matched standards for construction of the calibration graph. The proposed method has been successfully applied for extraction and preconcentration of herbicide residues in fruit samples, and good recoveries in the range of 87.32% to 99.93% were obtained.

Amperometric Biosensors for Glucose and Lactate with Applications in Food Analysis: A Brief Review

“…In food quality control, the development of reliable, sensitive and selective methods for fast, precise sensing and quantification of food ingredients and supplements, [1][2][3][4] toxicants, [5][6][7][8][9] antibiotics, and allergens, 10 is an issue of constantly increasing importance. [11][12][13][14][15][16] Recently, as a new direction of the analytical technology is distinguished the development of electrochemical enzymatic biosensorscomplex systems that include an immobilised enzyme (bioelement) and a physical transducer of the signal which may be potentiometric or amperometric, as well as a device for signal reading and processing.…”

Screening of Parabens in Natural Water by Salting-out Based Centrifugeless Dispersive Liquid-liquid Microextraction Combined with HPLC-UV

“…21,22 During the last years, LPME as an efficient, simple and quick sample preparation technique combined with widely available instruments, has been extensively applied for preconcentration and determination of interesting analytes. 23,24 Introduction of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) in 2006 has considerably contributed towards meeting the mentioned aims of sample pretreatment, owing to its distinctive merits of easy operation, low cost, good enrichment factor, and recovery along with notably short extraction time. 25 DLLME is based on a ternary component solvent system, in which extraction and disperser solvents are expeditiously injected inside the aqueous sample to make a cloudy solution.…”