Ionic Liquid Applications in Peptide Chemistry: Synthesis, Purification and Analytical Characterization Processes

Tietze, Alesia A.; Heimer, Pascal; Stark, Annegret; Imhof, Diana

doi:10.3390/molecules17044158

Cited by 52 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…Non-volatility addresses only a couple of the criteria manifested in the 12 Principles of Green Chemistry, the seminal framework for recognizing environmentally safe, sustainable chemicals and chemical practices [118]. Criteria met by ILs include (1) using safer solvents compared to traditional, more hazardous alternatives (e.g., PFCs) [33, 50–52], (2) implementing inherently safer chemistry for accident prevention by reducing the risk of inhalation exposure and by virtually eliminating fire hazard from lack of ignitable vapors [1], and (3) highly selective catalysis, another favorable criteria of the principles of green chemistry [2]. These characteristics make ILs appear at the outset to be relatively benign in synthesis with little consideration to the remaining criteria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ionic liquids (ILs) are celebrated for their low volatility and ability to reduce the use of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as solvents in industry, and also for their numerous other physical properties, including low melting point, low flammability, high thermal and electrochemical stability, interesting phase behavior, and high electrical and ionic conductivity [1]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Meta-analysis of ionic liquid literature and toxicology

et al. 2016

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A meta-analysis was conducted to compare the total amount of ionic liquid (IL) literature (n = 39,036) to the body of publications dealing with IL toxicity (n = 213) with the goal of establishing the state of knowledge and existing information gaps. Additionally, patent literature pertaining to issued patents utilizing ILs (n = 3,358) or dealing with IL toxicity (n =112) were analyzed. Total publishing activity and patent count served to gauge research activity, industrial usage and toxicology knowledge of ILs. Five of the most commonly studied IL cations were identified and used to establish a relationship between toxicity data and potential of commercial use: imidazolium, ammonium, phosphonium, pyridinium, and pyrrolidinium. Toxicology publications for all IL cations represented 0.55% ± 0.27% of the total publishing activity; compared with other industrial chemicals, these numbers indicate that there is still a paucity of studies on the adverse effects of this class of chemical. Toxicity studies on ILs were dominated by the use of in vitro models (18%) and marine bacteria (15%) as studied biological systems. Whole animal studies (n = 87) comprised 31% of IL toxicity studies, with a subset of in vivo mammalian models consisting of 8%. Human toxicology data were found to be limited to in vitro analyses, indicating substantial knowledge gaps. Risks from long-term and chronic low-level exposure to ILs have not been established yet for any model organisms, reemphasizing the need to fill crucial knowledge gaps concerning human health effects and the environmental safety of ILs. Adding to the existing knowledge of the molecular toxicity characteristics of ILs can help inform the design of greener, less toxic and more benign IL technologies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta-analysis of ionic liquid literature and toxicology

et al. 2016

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“…To date, unfortunately, general trends or even sensible conclusions are not yet available . Most investigations are still in the early stage of development …”

Section: Biotransformationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Liquids Beyond Simple Solvents: Glimpses at the State of the Art in Organic Chemistry

Kuchenbuch

Giernoth

2015

ChemistryOpen

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Within the last 25 years ionic liquids have written a tremendous success story, which is documented in a nearly uncountable amount of original research papers, reviews, and numerous applications in research and industry. These days, ionic liquids can be considered as a mature class of compounds for many different applications. Frequently, they are used as neoteric solvents for chemical tansformations, and the number of reviews on this field of research is huge. In this focused review, though, we are trying to evaluate the state of the art of ionic liquid chemistry beyond using them simply as solvents for chemical transformations. It is not meant to be a comprehensive overview on the topic; the choice of emphasis and examples rather refects the authors’ personal view on the field. We are especially highlighting fields in which we believe the most fundamental developments within the next five years will take place: biomass processing, (chiral) ionic liquids from natural sources, biotransformations, and organic synthesis.

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“…[2][3][4] ILs are characterized by high thermal and chemical stability,h igh ionic conductivity,l ow flammability,l ow volatility,a nd high aqueous solubility. [5][6][7] All these properties can be adjusted by the numerous appropriate combinations between cations and anions, [7] with applicationsi ns uch key areas as chemistry,b iotechnology,a nd in the pharmaceutical industry. [8,[9][10][11][12] These characteristics have made them potential "green" alternatives to traditional organic solvents, [2] and ILs represent non-harmful alternatives with flexible compositiont om eet the required properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[7,13,14] The main organic cations used in ILs are imidazolium( IM), pyridinium (Py), ammonium (A), phosphonium (P), and guanidinium. [14,15] Anions may be inorganic or organic, with species such as halides (Cl, Br), tetrafluoroborate (BF 4 ), hexafluorophosphate (PF 6 ), bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide (Tf 2 N), acetate, and dicyanamide (DCA). [7,13,14] The number of possible combinations for the formation of ILs is much larger than the hundreds of solvents used in industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Anticancer Potential of Ionic Liquids

et al. 2016

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Among the many challenges that the pharmaceutical industry currently faces is the need to develop innovative and effective therapies. The investigation of alternative and effective therapies against cancer is a current goal of the pharmaceutical industry. Ionic liquids (ILs) have emerged recently as a topic of study by researchers in the pharmaceutical industry in their search for new therapeutic agents. By definition, ILs are organic salts with melting points below 100 °C that are composed only by ions. Their main advantage lies in the numerous possible combinations of cations and anions, which allow adjustments in their physicochemical properties. The combination between ILs and active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) may improve the properties of APIs. In addition, the antitumor properties of these compounds have been described. Several studies have reported the use of ILs in biomedical applications as therapeutic agents, namely as antitumor agents. This review describes the recent proposed applications of ILs as antitumor agents.

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Ionic Liquid Applications in Peptide Chemistry: Synthesis, Purification and Analytical Characterization Processes

Abstract: This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent advances made in the field of ionic liquids in peptide chemistry and peptide analytics.

Cited by 52 publications

References 119 publications

Meta-analysis of ionic liquid literature and toxicology

Meta-analysis of ionic liquid literature and toxicology

Ionic Liquids Beyond Simple Solvents: Glimpses at the State of the Art in Organic Chemistry

The Anticancer Potential of Ionic Liquids

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