Ionic Liquid and Solid HF Equivalent Amine-Poly(Hydrogen Fluoride) Complexes Effecting Efficient Environmentally Friendly Isobutane−Isobutylene Alkylation

Abstract

Isoparaffin-olefin alkylation was investigated using liquid as well as solid onium poly(hydrogen fluoride) catalysts. These new immobilized anhydrous HF catalysts contain varied amines and nitrogen-containing polymers as complexing agents. The liquid poly(hydrogen fluoride) complexes of amines are typical ionic liquids, which are convenient media and serve as HF equivalent catalysts with decreased volatility for isoparaffin-olefin alkylation. Polymeric solid amine:poly(hydrogen fluoride) complexes are excellent solid HF equivalents for similar alkylation acid catalysis. Isobutane-isobutylene or 2-butene alkylation gave excellent yields of high octane alkylates (up to RON = 94). Apart from their excellent catalytic performance, the new catalyst systems significantly reduce environmental hazards due to the low volatility of complexed HF. They represent a new, "green" class of catalyst systems for alkylation reactions, maintaining activity of HF while minimizing its environmental hazards.

Brønsted acids in ionic liquids: how acidity depends on the liquid structure

“…This behaviour lies on the opposite spectrum to known behaviour of [cation]F-HF system, where polynuclear clusters were recorded. 42 The δ A…H…A values recorded for the [C 2 mim][NTf 2 ]-HNTf 2 system (0.51 < χ HA ≤ 0.80) remain constant, and are shifted relatively far upfield when compared to the other studied systems. This corresponds to molecular HNTf 2 solvated in the ionic liquid.…”

Photochromism of nitrobenzospiropyran in phosphonium based ionic liquids

“…[1][2][3] For these reasons, along with the fact that ILs can undergo multiple solvation interactions, 4 ILs are attracting the attention of a growing number of scientists and engineers for a range of applications. [5][6][7][8] However, the basic science involved with fully characterizing these ILs is still in its infancy, and this may be holding back the complete and most efficient utilization of these solvents.…”

Photo- and solvatochromic properties of nitrobenzospiropyran in ionic liquids containing the [NTf2]− anion

“…16 ILs are organic salts composed of anions and cations that are in the liquid state at ambient conditions and many show negligible volatility and non-flammability. 17 Hence, they are being actively investigated as alternative solvent media in synthesis, 18 catalysis, 19 polymerization, [20][21][22] separation, 23 electrochemistry 24,25 and electrochemical devices. 26,27 However, the basic science involved with fully characterizing these ILs is still in its infancy, and this may be holding back the complete and most efficient utilization of these potentially, and only in some cases, 28 41 dried under vacuum at 40 1C for 48 h, and stored under argon at 20 1C before analysis.…”