Carbon
dioxide (CO2) concentrations in the atmosphere
have increased significantly over the past century. Many methods have
been devised to reduce CO2 industrial emissions, e.g.,
CO2 postcombustion absorption by amine-based solvents.
Solvent degradation losses are very critical in this process, due
to economic and environmental issues. The two main degradation pathways
of amine-based aqueous solutions in the presence of CO2 are oxidative and thermal degradation. In this work, a lab-scale
pilot plant has been set up to carry out degradation experiments during
continuous and dynamic cycles of absorption and stripping with three
different amine solvents: MEA (monoethanolamine) used as benchmark
solvent for CO2 capture, a blend of 1MPZ (1-methylpiperazine)
and PZ (piperazine), and a blend of MDEA (methyldiethanolamine) and
MEA. The experimental data have been used to assess the performance
of CO2 absorption over time and experimental conditions.
The variation of CO2 fraction at the gas outlet of the
reactor has been used as an indicator of solvent degradation. To simulate
the behavior of the plant at different experimental conditions and
with each solvent, a dynamic model has been developed, on the basis
of the validation of a fast reaction regime. It reproduces accurately
the pilot plant’s behavior during the absorption and stripping
phases. Among the solvents’ physical properties, the effect
of viscosity appears to be the most critical for the CO2 absorption efficiency. Kinetics of solvent degradation has finally
been optimized to match experimental observations. Of the three solvents
studied, 1MPZ/PZ is the most stable, whereas MEA and MDEA/MEA have
quite similar degradation rates.