Ionic conductivity of amorphous lithium lanthanum titanate thin film

Furusawa, Shin–ichi; Tabuchi, Hitoshi; Sugiyama, T.; Tao, Shanwen; Irvine, John T. S.

doi:10.1016/j.ssi.2004.08.020

Cited by 68 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…15 They suggest that this is likely due to the lack of grain boundaries and open disordered structure. However, these films also suffer from a high electronic conductivity of 4.0 × 10 −5 S/cm.…”

Section: 14mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amorphous LLTO was deposited on 2 different substrates for various analyses. For interdigitated samples, 2 electronically isolated interdigitated contact pads were sputtered on polished SiO 2 /Si similar to Furusawa et al 15 The interdigitated contact finger widths were ∼120 μm with ∼80 μm spacing and the films were ∼300 nm thick. Resulting measurements correspond to conduction parallel to the thin film surface.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Amorphous Lithium Lanthanum Titanate for Solid-State Microbatteries

Lee

Wang

Xin

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Lithium lanthanum titanate (LLTO) is a promising solid state electrolyte for solid state batteries due to its demonstrated high bulk ionic conductivity. However, crystalline LLTO has a relatively low grain boundary conductivity, limiting the overall material conductivity. In this work, we investigate amorphous LLTO (a-LLTO) thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). By controlling the background pressure and temperature we are able to optimize the ionic conductivity to 3 × 10 −4 S/cm and electronic conductivity to 5 × 10 −11 S/cm. XRD, TEM, and STEM/EELS analysis confirm that the films are amorphous and indicate that oxygen background gas is necessary during the PLD process to decrease the oxygen vacancy concentration, decreasing the electrical conductivity. Amorphous LLTO is deposited onto high voltage LiNi 0. Next generation lithium-ion batteries will require a broad range of energies to meet the challenges of portable electronic storage from electric vehicles to microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). The cost per Watt-hour of commercial batteries have shown incremental improvement due to better manufacturing design, but drastic increases in energy and power density are needed to satisfy projected demand. 1 Solid-state electrolytes are researched heavily because they have the potential to improve capacity loss, cycle lifetime, operation temperature, and safety. Lithium Phosphorous Oxynitride (LiPON) based thin-film solid-state batteries have excellent cycle life and are currently commercialized.2,3 However, LiPON has a relatively low ionic conductivity (1 × 10 −6 S/cm) and other solid electrolytes have demonstrated conductivity several orders of magnitude higher. 4,5 Lithium lanthanum titanate (LLTO) is a promising solid-state electrolyte due to its high bulk ionic conductivity (∼10 −3 S/cm) at room temperature, negligible electronic conductivity, and high voltage, atmospheric, and temperature stabilities.6-8 Extensive fundamental studies have been carried out to demonstrate this high ionic conductivity, elucidate the crystal structure, and determine the mechanism of lithium ion conduction.9-12 However, there are fundamental impediments to the implementation of crystalline LLTO into an actual device. One key issue is that crystalline LLTO has a relatively low grain boundary ionic conductivity (<10 −5 S/cm), lowering the effective material ionic conductivity. 6 In addition, crystalline LLTO is unstable in contact with lithium metal because lithium will easily insert reducing Ti 4+ to Ti 3+ , thus increasing electronic conductivity. 13,14Fortunately, amorphous LLTO has not only been shown to overcome these barriers, the lower energy constraints of fabricating amorphous LLTO opens up numerous thin film synthesis techniques. Amorphous LLTO thin films have been synthesized by pulsed laser deposition (PLD), RF magnetron sputtering, E-beam evaporation, atomic layer deposition, chemical solution deposition and sol-gel synthesis. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Furusawa et al. demonstrated amorphous LL...

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Section: 14mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Amorphous Lithium Lanthanum Titanate for Solid-State Microbatteries

Lee

Wang

Xin

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…Among numerous Li conductors, perovskite-type oxides (ABO 3 ) show promising lithium high ion conductivity at room temperature. Recently, many works [3][4][5][6][7] have shown that the new family of perovskite structure La 0.67-x Li 3x TiO 3 materials (hereafter called as LLTO) give the best lithium ionic conductors. At room temperature, the conductivity of LLTO films prepared by PLD method possesses a value up to 10 -5 S.cm -1 [8], but the deposition area is conventionally small and dependent on the target size and the distance between target and substrate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CHARACTERISTICS OF LITHIUM LANTHANUM TITANATE THIN FILMS MADE BY ELECTRON BEAM EVAPORATION FROM NANOSTRUCTURED La0.67-xLi 3xTiO3 TARGET

Định

Trong

Long

2017

AJSTD

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Bulk nanostructured perovskites of La 0.67-x Li 3x TiO 3 (LLTO) were prepared by using thermally ball-grinding from compounds of La 2 O 3 , Li 2 CO 3 and TiO 2 . From XRD analysis, it was found that LTTO materials were crystallized with nano-size grains of an average size of 30 nm. The bulk ionic conductivity was found strongly dependent on the Li + composition, the samples with x = 0.11 (corresponding to a La 0.56 Li 0.33 TiO 3 compound) have the best ionic conductivity, which is ca. 3.2 x 10 -3 S/cm at room temperature. The LLTO amorphous films were made by electron beam deposition. At room temperature the smooth films have ionic conductivity of 3.5 x 10 -5 S/cm and transmittance of 80%. The optical bandgap of the films was found to be of 2.3 eV. The results have shown that the perovskite La 0.56 Li 0.33 TiO 3 thin films can be used for a transparent solid electrolyte in ionic battery and in all-solid-state electrochromic devices, in particular.

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“…Based on its high Li-ion conductivity, perovskite Li 3x La (2/3)-x TiO 3 (LLT) with x = 0.117 is a promising solid electrolyte to be implemented in all-solid-state Li-ion batteries [8,9]. In addition to the high conductivity of the perovskite phase (10 -3 S/cm), the bulk material retains a high conductivity in the amorphous state (10 -5 S/cm) [10,11]. The main disadvantage of this electrolyte is its incompatibility with metallic lithium as an anode due to reduction of titanium (IV) around 1.5 V [9,12] However, other anode materials with higher operating voltages are compatible with LLT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, several attempts have been made to combine anode or cathode materials with LLT, such as creating LLT coated LiCoO 2 particles [14] as well as preparing 3D ordered macro porous LLT to create an electrolyte network with high Li-ion conductivity surrounded by a Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 matrix [10]. However, only a limited number of studies focus on thin film synthesis of this material: pulsed laser deposition was applied several times to yield epitaxial LLT layers (approximately 40 nm thick) on SrTiO 3 and NdGaO 3 substrates [15], amorphous LLT films of approximately 500 nm were grown on quartz glass substrates [11] and both amorphous and crystalline LLT were deposited on Pt substrates with 400 nm thickness [16]. In addition, lanthanum deficient amorphous LLT (Li 0.32 La 0.30 TiO 2 ) was deposited on Si by atomic layer deposition, but crystallization yielded relatively rough morphologies combined with slow growth rates between 0.30 and 0.50 Å cycle -1 [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amorphous and perovskite Li3xLa(2/3)−xTiO3 (thin) films via chemical solution deposition: solid electrolytes for all-solid-state Li-ion batteries

Ham

Peys

Dobbelaere

et al. 2014

J Sol-Gel Sci Technol

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Thin films of amorphous and crystalline perovskite Li 3x La (2/3)-x TiO 3 (LLT) (x = 0.117) are prepared by means of aqueous chemical solution deposition onto rutile TiO 2 thin films as an anode, yielding an electrochemical half-cell. The Li-ion conductivity of the pinhole free, amorphous LLT thin film (90 nm thick) is 3.8 9 10 -8 S cm -1 on Pt and 1.3 9 10 -8 S cm -1 on rutile TiO 2 , while measuring perpendicular to the thin film direction with impedance spectroscopy. Grazing angle attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy shows that all organic precursor molecules have been decomposed at 500°C. In addition, in situ (heating) X-ray diffraction analysis shows that phase pure crystalline perovskite LLT (x = 0.117) is formed on top of the rutile TiO 2 anode at 700°C. Furthermore, thickness control is possible by varying the precursor solution concentration and the number of deposition cycles. The current study presents a promising synthesis route to develop all-solid-state battery devices based on multi-metal oxide materials using aqueous precursor chemistry.

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Ionic conductivity of amorphous lithium lanthanum titanate thin film

Cited by 68 publications

References 12 publications

Amorphous Lithium Lanthanum Titanate for Solid-State Microbatteries

Amorphous Lithium Lanthanum Titanate for Solid-State Microbatteries

CHARACTERISTICS OF LITHIUM LANTHANUM TITANATE THIN FILMS MADE BY ELECTRON BEAM EVAPORATION FROM NANOSTRUCTURED La0.67-xLi 3xTiO3 TARGET

Amorphous and perovskite Li3xLa(2/3)−xTiO3 (thin) films via chemical solution deposition: solid electrolytes for all-solid-state Li-ion batteries

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