Ionic balance, biomass production, and organic nitrogen as affected by salinity and nitrogen source in annual ryegrass

Sagi, Moshe; Dovrat, A.; Kipnis, T.; Lips, Herman

doi:10.1080/01904169709365336

Cited by 35 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Ionic imbalance in plants is mainly caused by the influx of superfluous Na + (Niu et al 1995;Blumwald 2000;Parida and Das 2005). Plants usually accumulate inorganic anions, such as Cl - (Ghoulam et al 2002;Santa-Cruz et al 2002), NO 3 -and SO 4 2-, or synthesized organic anions (Sagi et al 1997) to maintain ionic balance (Yang et al 2007). The dominant intracellular cation under salt and alkali stresses, in this study, was Na + , contributing [70% of the total positive charge and the contribution of the K + , Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ to the total positive charge was minimal (Table 3).…”

Section: Ionic Balancementioning

confidence: 98%

Comparative effects of salt and alkali stresses on growth, osmotic adjustment and ionic balance of an alkali-resistant halophyte Suaeda glauca (Bge.)

2008

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Effects of salt and alkali stresses on growth, osmotic adjustment and ionic balance of Suaeda glauca (Bge.), an alkali-resistant succulent halophyte, were compared. The results showed that alkali stress clearly inhibited the growth of S. glauca. Moreover, the concentrations of Na + and K + both increased with increasing salinity under both stresses, suggesting no competitive inhibition between absorptions of Na + and K + . The mechanism underlying osmotic adjustment during salt stress was similar to alkali stress in shoots. The shared essential features were that organic acids, betaine and inorganic ions (dominated by Na + ) mostly accumulated. On the other hand, the mechanisms governing ionic balance under both stresses were different. Under salt stress, S. glauca accumulated organic acids and inorganic anions to maintain the intracellular ionic equilibrium, but the anion contribution of inorganic ions was greater than that of organic acids. However, the concentrations of inorganic anions under alkali stress were significantly lower than those under salt stress of the same intensity, suggesting that alkali stress might inhibit uptake of anions, such as NO 3 -and H 2 PO 4 -. Under alkali stress, organic acids were the dominant factor in maintaining ionic equilibrium. The contribution of organic acids to anions was 74.1%, while that of inorganic anions was only 25.9%. S. glauca enhanced the synthesis of organic acids, dominated by oxalic acid, to compensate for the shortage of inorganic anions.

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Section: Ionic Balancementioning

confidence: 98%

Comparative effects of salt and alkali stresses on growth, osmotic adjustment and ionic balance of an alkali-resistant halophyte Suaeda glauca (Bge.)

2008

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“…4D-F) accumulated as the main organic osmolyte (Table 1). Under salt stress, plants accumulate cations such as Na + (Khan et al 2000, Parida and Das 2005, Shi and Sheng 2005, Yang et al 2007a, and simultaneously accumulate inorganic anions such as Cl - (Ghoulam et al 2002, Santa-Cruz et al 2002, NO 3 -, and SO 4 2-or synthesized organic anions (Sagi et al 1997) to keep ion balance. The present results indicated that sunflowers accumulated organic acids (Fig.…”

Section: Osmotic Adjustment and Ion Balancementioning

confidence: 98%

Seed germination, seedling survival, and physiological response of sunflowers under saline and alkaline conditions

Liu¹,

Guo²,

Shi³

2010

Photosynt.

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Salinization and alkalization of soil are widespread environmental problem and the alkali stress is more destructive than the effects caused by salt stress. To compare the mechanism of salt and alkali stresses, a sunflower variety (Helianthus annuus L. cv. Baikuiza 6) was tested under saline or alkaline conditions by mixing two neutral salts (NaCl and Na 2 SO 4 ) or two alkaline salts (NaHCO 3 and Na 2 CO 3 ). The results showed that saline conditions differed greatly from alkaline conditions in their threshold intensities where sunflower can germinate, survive and grow. Under saline conditions, the emergence time was delayed, and the emergence rate and seedling survival rate also decreased with increasing salinity. However, under alkaline conditions, the rate of seedling survival decreased sharply but the emergence time and emergence rate did not change. In addition, the damaging effects of alkali stress on growth and photosynthesis were more severe than those of saline. In shoots, the main inorganic osmolyte and cation was K + rather than Na + ; the primary organic osmolytes were organic acid and soluble sugar rather than proline. Organic acid, NO 3 -, and Cl -(only under saline condition) were the main source of anion. In addition, the osmotic adjustment and ion balance differed among sunflower roots, stems, and leaves. In conclusion, saline and alkaline conditions are two different stress conditions and there are special responses to two stress conditions for sunflower.

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“…This N stress-tolerant phenotype of Thellungiella is consistent with the prevailing conditions in its native habitat, where soil N levels are low (E. Weretilnyk, unpublished data). Furthermore, the high salt levels in these soils could exacerbate N-limiting conditions, since Na 1 ions can compete with nutrients for root uptake sites (Sagi et al, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Arabidopsis Halophytic RelativeThellungiella halophilaTolerates Nitrogen-Limiting Conditions by Maintaining Growth, Nitrogen Uptake, and Assimilation

Kant

Weretilnyk

et al. 2008

Plant Physiology

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A comprehensive knowledge of mechanisms regulating nitrogen (N) use efficiency is required to reduce excessive input of N fertilizers while maintaining acceptable crop yields under limited N supply. Studying plant species that are naturally adapted to low N conditions could facilitate the identification of novel regulatory genes conferring better N use efficiency. Here, we show that Thellungiella halophila, a halophytic relative of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), grows better than Arabidopsis under moderate (1 mM nitrate) and severe (0.4 mM nitrate) N-limiting conditions. Thellungiella exhibited a lower carbon to N ratio than Arabidopsis under N limitation, which was due to Thellungiella plants possessing higher N content, total amino acids, total soluble protein, and lower starch content compared with Arabidopsis. Furthermore, Thellungiella had higher amounts of several metabolites, such as soluble sugars and organic acids, under N-sufficient conditions (4 mM nitrate). Nitrate reductase activity and NR2 gene expression in Thellungiella displayed less of a reduction in response to N limitation than in Arabidopsis. Thellungiella shoot GS1 expression was more induced by low N than in Arabidopsis, while in roots, Thellungiella GS2 expression was maintained under N limitation but was decreased in Arabidopsis. Up-regulation of NRT2.1 and NRT3.1 expression was higher and repression of NRT1.1 was lower in Thellungiella roots under N-limiting conditions compared with Arabidopsis. Differential transporter gene expression was correlated with higher nitrate influx in Thellungiella at low 15 NO 3 2 supply. Taken together, our results suggest that Thellungiella is tolerant to N-limited conditions and could act as a model system to unravel the mechanisms for low N tolerance.

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Ionic balance, biomass production, and organic nitrogen as affected by salinity and nitrogen source in annual ryegrass

Cited by 35 publications

References 42 publications

Comparative effects of salt and alkali stresses on growth, osmotic adjustment and ionic balance of an alkali-resistant halophyte Suaeda glauca (Bge.)

Comparative effects of salt and alkali stresses on growth, osmotic adjustment and ionic balance of an alkali-resistant halophyte Suaeda glauca (Bge.)

Seed germination, seedling survival, and physiological response of sunflowers under saline and alkaline conditions

The Arabidopsis Halophytic RelativeThellungiella halophilaTolerates Nitrogen-Limiting Conditions by Maintaining Growth, Nitrogen Uptake, and Assimilation

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