Ionic and electronic processes in quartz:Mechanisms of thermoluminescence and optically stimulated luminescence

Abstract

We suggest a model of the atomic and electronic processes responsible for the so-called 110 and 325 °C thermoluminescence (TL) peaks, including predose behavior, and for the room temperature optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) of quartz. Our model is based on defects and defect processes typical of those known from many previous studies of quartz. It explains the experimental observations that the two TL peaks and OSL are correlated with respect to the effects of thermal annealing and photoexcitation after irradiation. The model indicates that the energy for the two TL peaks and OSL is all stored by the same defect pairs. These defect pairs comprise [AlO4]− and [X/M+]+ generated by a radiolytic reaction [AlO4/M+]0→[AlO4]−+M+. Here [AlO4]− is an Al impurity center substituting a Si atom, M+ is an alkali ion, [X/M+] is M+ stabilized by a defect denoted by X and [AlO4/M+]0 is an [AlO4]− center charge compensated by M+. Even though the 110 and 325 °C TL peaks and OSL arise from the same defect pairs, they should emit different luminescence because they arise through different mechanisms: the 325 °C TL peak through the migration of M+, and the OSL through the migration of holes. The 110 °C TL peak is ascribed to the electron–hole recombination at the [AlO4]− centers. According to the model, the TL at 110 and 325 °C and OSL luminesce at different wavelengths.

The problem of dating quartz 1: Spectroscopic ionoluminescence of dose dependence

“…6) coincides with the 2.8 eV emission observed during low temperature CL of quartz (Itoh et al, 1989;Luff and Townsend, 1990) and IL of rose quartz (Kibar et al, 2007). It is an order of magnitude more intense than the RT spectrum, in agreement with Itoh et al (1989), Luff and Townsend (1990) and Kibar et al (2007).…”

“…6) coincides with the 2.8 eV emission observed during low temperature CL of quartz (Itoh et al, 1989;Luff and Townsend, 1990) and IL of rose quartz (Kibar et al, 2007). It is an order of magnitude more intense than the RT spectrum, in agreement with Itoh et al (1989), Luff and Townsend (1990) and Kibar et al (2007). However, Bettiol et al (1997) did not observe this emission peak when performing IL at 80 K on synthetic quartz, although the 1.88 and 2.3 eV emissions were enhanced.…”

“…It may originate from an intrinsic oxygen-vacancy defect, attributed to the self-trapped exciton (Itoh et al, 1989;. It has been associated with E'-centre annihilation in glass (Sigel, 1973), although non-linearity in this relationship is indicative of some non-radiative E'-centre recombination in quartz (see McKeever 1984 for a review; Poolton et al, 2000).…”

Thermo- and cathodoluminescence properties of lepidolite

“…According to Itoh and coworkers [20], the 397 nm emission can be attributed to [AlO 4 ] -centers, through electron-hole mechanisms [21]. Due to the exposure to the electron beam, the electrons are released from the oxygen atoms closed through the bulk and interfaces due to changes in the temperature of the lattice [22,23].…”

Milling-Induced Reset of Thermoluminescence and Deformation of Hydroxyl Species in the Near-Surface Layers of Quartz Grains

“…Heating to about 370ºC in the present study would not cure the sites of their deformation and/or disturbance, so that the sensitivities of the 130ºC TL peaks, "deformed or disturbed sites", keep a level even after repeat of irradiation and TL measurement. ) is considered here because it is widely cited as a hole source or recombination site for TL, especially BTL (Martini et al, 1995;Hashimoto et al, 2000;Itoh et al, 2002). Similar to Al-OH species (Fig.…”