Ion transport across the film of poly(5,6-dimethoxyindole-2-carboxylic acid) in relation to its electrochromic switching: An electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance study

Triple Layer Tungsten Trioxide, Graphene, and Polyaniline Composite Films for Combined Energy Storage and Electrochromic Applications

“…One straightforward method is to mix two discrete colors, which can be achieved by applying two kinds of electrochromic materials with complementary colors deposited onto two different working electrodes [12,24,25]. Furthermore, the switching rate of electrochromic films could be improved by faster ion transport since it is a prerequisite for electrochromic materials to maintain electroneutrality that ions be transported into and out of the film during redox reactions [26]. Therefore, uniform and tunable porous structure is a beneficial feature enabling facile ion transport and redox-active films [8].…”

Doping-Induced Self-Absorption in Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells

“…In this article, we investigate an often overlooked loss mechanism specific to LEC devices, namely, doping-induced self-absorption. It originates in the well-established fact that doping causes significant changes of the optical properties of conjugated compounds, specifically a red-shift of the absorption, with the consequence that the (here, undesired) emission-absorption overlap of the device increases. − By utilizing a combination of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and absorption spectroscopy (see Figure a), we are able to establish the correlation between the doping concentration and the absorption coefficient for the conjugated polymer Super Yellow. By then measuring the in situ absorption changes in the active material of Super Yellow-based LECs during operation, we can determine the temporal evolution of the doping concentration and, for example, establish that the maximum doping concentration, as expected for a functional device, , is dictated by the initial ion concentration.…”