Ion transport across a phospholipid membrane mediated by the peptide trichogin GA IV

Kropacheva, T. N.; Raap, J.

doi:10.1016/s0005-2736(02)00616-8

Cited by 31 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…In addition, the peptaibols might have subtle effects on sporulation that escape inspection of the morphology only. For example, they are known to function as voltage-gated membrane channels, primarily transporting K ϩ (11,12,18,33), which could be important for ion transport and/or homeostasis during sporulation. In fact, gramicidin, another ion channel-forming peptide antibiotic, induces sporulation in its producer Bacillus subtilis (24,29).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of Atroviridin by Hypocrea atroviridis Is Conidiation Associated and Positively Regulated by Blue Light and the G Protein GNA3

Komoń-Zelazowska

Neuhof

Dieckmann³

et al. 2007

Eukaryot Cell

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Species of the mycoparasitic fungal genus Hypocrea/Trichoderma are prominent producers of peptaibols, a class of small linear peptides of fungal origin. Some of these peptaibols have been shown to act synergistically with cell-wall-degrading enzymes in the inhibition of the growth of other fungi in vitro and in vivo. Here we present the structure of the Hypocrea atroviridis peptaibol synthetase gene (pbs1), deduced from the genome sequence of H. atroviridis. It consists of 19 typical peptide synthetase modules with the required additional modifying domains at the N and C termini. Phylogenetic and similarity analyses of the individual amino acid-activating modules is consistent with its ability to synthesize atroviridins. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry of surface-grown cultures of H. atroviridis showed that no peptaibols were formed during vegetative growth, but a microheterogenous mixture of atroviridins accumulated when the colonies started to sporulate. This correlation between sporulation and atroviridin formation was shown to be independent of the pathway inducing sporulation (i.e., light, mechanical injury and carbon starvation, respectively). Atroviridin formation was dependent on the function of the two blue light regulators, BLR1 and BLR2, under some but not all conditions of sporulation and was repressed in a pkr1 (regulatory subunit of protein kinase A) antisense strain with constitutively active protein kinase A. Conversely, however, loss of function of the G␣-protein GNA3, which is a negative regulator of sporulation and leads to a hypersporulating phenotype, fully impairs atroviridin formation. Our data show that formation of atroviridin by H. atroviridis occurs in a sporulation-associated manner but is uncoupled from it at the stage of GNA3.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of Atroviridin by Hypocrea atroviridis Is Conidiation Associated and Positively Regulated by Blue Light and the G Protein GNA3

Komoń-Zelazowska

Neuhof

Dieckmann³

et al. 2007

Eukaryot Cell

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“…In this respect it is of interest to note that this concentration falls in the range in which trichogin has been shown to induce ion conduction through membranes of large unilamellar vesieles of L-a-phosphatidylcholine [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial distribution of spin-labeled trichogin GA IV in the gram-positive bacterial cell membrane determined from PELDOR data

et al. 2002

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Trichogin GA IV is one of the shortest acyclic linear polypeptide antibiotics of fungal origin, characterized by the presence of three ct-amino isobutyric acid residues, an N-octanoyl group and an amino alcohol at the C terminus. Its antibiotic activity is generally thought to be based on its self-assembling and membrane-modifying properties. The technique of double electron-electron resonance in electron spin echo is used to study the spatial distribution of spin-labeled [TOAC-4]-trichogin GA IV analog bound to the cell membrane of the Gram-positive bacterium Micrococcus luteus. The intermolecular dipole-dipole spin-spin interaction of TOAC spin labels has been experimentally studied at 77 K in glassy dispersions of the spherical cell particles. It is shown that the nonaggregated peptide molecules are distributed at the cytoplasmic membrane. Two possible distribution models are proposed: (i) the peptide molecules are randomly distributed on both inner and outer membrane surfaces with a distance between the surfaces of 7 nm, (ii) the molecules are randomly distributed in a layer up to 2.4 nm from the extemal surface of the membrane.

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“…Trichogin GA IV belongs to the family of lipopeptabol antibiotics [1][2][3]. The interest to this lipophilic peptide is due to its ability to change the permeability of biological membranes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Membrane-peptide interaction studied by PELDOR and CW ESR: Peptide conformations and cholesterol effect on the spatial peptide distribution in the membrane

et al. 2005

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Pulsed electron-electron double resonance (PELDOR) combined with continuous-wave electron paramagnetic resonance was used to study inter- and intramolecular dipole-dipole interactions between spin labels for spin-labeled analogs of trichogin GA IV bound to multilamellar membranes of egg L-alpha-phosphatidylcholine (ePC) and in ePC membranes containing cholesterol. All samples were frozen to 77 K. For mono-labeled peptide concentrations in lipid over the range between 0.5 to 2.2 mol%, it is shown that in these membranes trichogin molecules are distributed homogeneously and are likely to be located on or near the inner and outer membrane surfaces. Addition of cholesterol to a final concentration of 16.5 mol% leads to an increase of the local concentration of trichogin molecules in the membranes. For the double-labeled trichogin, a distribution of the intramolecular distance between the two spin labels was observed. The distribution function is characterized by two main maxima located at distances of 1.3 and 1.8 nm. The distance of 1.3 nm is close to that expected for the alpha-helix structure of the peptide chain. The distance of 1.8 nm corresponds to a mixed structure in which a 3(10) helix is combined with a set of even more elongated conformations

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Ion transport across a phospholipid membrane mediated by the peptide trichogin GA IV

Cited by 31 publications

References 56 publications

Formation of Atroviridin by Hypocrea atroviridis Is Conidiation Associated and Positively Regulated by Blue Light and the G Protein GNA3

Formation of Atroviridin by Hypocrea atroviridis Is Conidiation Associated and Positively Regulated by Blue Light and the G Protein GNA3

Spatial distribution of spin-labeled trichogin GA IV in the gram-positive bacterial cell membrane determined from PELDOR data

Membrane-peptide interaction studied by PELDOR and CW ESR: Peptide conformations and cholesterol effect on the spatial peptide distribution in the membrane

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