Ion specific liquid ion exchanger microelectrodes

Walker, John L.

doi:10.1021/ac60298a039

Cited by 266 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…The development of potassium-sensitive microelectrodes by Walker (1971) and their modification by Astrup and our own group (Astrup et al, 1977), allowed of the determination of movements of extracellular potassium during ischaemia, and revealed interesting relationships between the degree of ischaemia and the extent of efflux of potassium into the extracellular space. Basic techniques were similar, the potassium micro-electrodes being introduced at selected points in relation to blood flow electrodes and to the evoked response electrode while the cortex was subjected to ischaemia of varying density by middle cerebral occlusion and superadded exsanguination.…”

Section: Evidence For Threshold Sensitivity In Cell Membrane Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The concepts of thresholds of ischaemia in relation to brain structure and function.

Symon¹,

Branston²,

Strong³

et al. 1977

Journal of Clinical Pathology

121

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Section: Evidence For Threshold Sensitivity In Cell Membrane Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The concepts of thresholds of ischaemia in relation to brain structure and function.

Symon¹,

Branston²,

Strong³

et al. 1977

Journal of Clinical Pathology

121

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“…The reactors were operated for several weeks to encourage the development of a healthy, aerobic biofilm. Potassium microelectrodes were manufactured in our lab with a method adapted from De Beer (De Beer et al, 1997) and Walker (1971). Similar methods were described in detail by Ammann (1986) and Lee (1994).…”

Section: Experimental Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of Glutathione-Gated Potassium Efflux in Biofilms Using Potassium Microelectrodes

Gillam¹,

Bishop

Love

2005

Environmental Engineering Science

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Bacteria in biofilms may exhibit the glutathione-gated potassium efflux stress response when exposed to electrophilic contamination. The mechanism causes a release of intracellular potassium that changes the properties of the bulk solution surrounding the biofilm. The effects of the mechanism have previously been studied in pure and mixed suspended cultures, and been found to impact the environment on the micro-and macroscale. In this study, the mechanism was found to also occur in attached growth systems in response to cadmium contamination. Cadmium caused a significant but brief efflux of potassium at a concentration of 10 mg/L. Live/dead experimentation suggested that the potassium release was not due to cell death or lysis. DTT experimentation suggested that glutathione is related to the potassium efflux. These tests indicate that the glutathione-gated potassium efflux mechanism likely occurred in the biofilm cells. The introduction of intracellular potassium to the bulk solution in biofilm systems could disrupt the structure and function of biofilm processes, such as wastewater treatment and groundwater remediation. Potassium efflux from biofilms was measured using microelectrodes.

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“…In the 1970s, RC Thomas [10] miniaturized glass electrodes (recessed tip electrodes) to obtain tip diameters of < 1 Am. Concurrently, JLJ Walker [11] developed ''liquid ion exchanger'' (LIE) microelectrodes by introducing ion-selective liquid resin into the empty barrel of an intracellular microelectrode. Progressively, LIE microelectrodes have become the preferred tool of electrophysiologists.…”

Section: Determination Of Intracellular Ionic Activities Using Ion Sementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For different methods of calibration and calibration curves, see Refs. [11][12][13]. To determine intracellular activity for a given ion, it is necessary to know the difference between the LIE selective potential and the membrane voltage.…”

Section: Determination Of the Selectivity Coefficient K Ij And The Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microelectrodes and their use to assess ion channel function

Edelman

Chanson

Hug³

2004

Journal of Cystic Fibrosis

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Impalement of living cells with microelectrodes (MEs) is a useful approach to measure a variety of biological parameters such as membrane potential (Vm), intracellular free ion concentrations and cell-to-cell communication. Despite such widespread applications, the number of trained researchers capable of using MEs is diminishing. In this article, we describe the fundamentals of the preparation and the proper use of MEs to study the physiology of transepithelial ion transport.

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Ion specific liquid ion exchanger microelectrodes

Cited by 266 publications

References 3 publications

The concepts of thresholds of ischaemia in relation to brain structure and function.

The concepts of thresholds of ischaemia in relation to brain structure and function.

A Study of Glutathione-Gated Potassium Efflux in Biofilms Using Potassium Microelectrodes

Microelectrodes and their use to assess ion channel function

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