Ion release from orthodontic appliances

Damiani, F.; Lilli, Cinzia; Guerra, M.; Staffolani, N; Belcastro, Salvatore; Locci, Paola

doi:10.1016/s0300-5712(98)00073-6

Cited by 110 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Small and frequent oral Ni +2 concentrations during orthodontic treatment before Ni sensitization may therefore favour the induction of an oral tolerance. In the present investigation detected Ni +2 levels were below the daily oral dietary intake of 200 to 600 µg, which is generally accepted and in line with previous studies analysing conventional fixed appliance system [10,31,46].…”

Section: +2supporting

confidence: 93%

Nickel ion concentrations in the saliva of patients treated with self-ligating fixed appliances: a prospective cohort study

et al. 2016

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OBJECTIVE Orthodontic appliances are considered to be highly biocompatible although adverse effects attributed to the release of nickel ions (Ni(2+)) have been documented. Self-ligating brackets have grown in popularity for economic reasons and supposed friction reduction. The aim of the present prospective cohort study was therefore to determine salivary Ni(2+) concentrations in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with self-ligating fixed appliances. MATERIALS AND METHODS A group of 30 patients between 10 and 13 years of age were treated with self-ligating brackets (SmartClip™), molar bands, and nickel-titanium (NiTi) archwires. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected after different time points (before treatment, after self-ligating bracket and band placement, before archwire insertion, after archwire insertion, and finally 4 and 8 weeks afterwards) and analyzed with an ICP mass spectrometer followed by generalized estimating equation modelling with = 5 %. RESULTS The baseline median salivary Ni(2+) concentration was 21.85 µg/l, while the Ni(2+) concentrations at the following visits ranged between 13.73 and 85.34 µg/l. Significant increases in Ni(2+) levels compared to the baseline levels were detected after band/bracket placement [+59.76 µg/l; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 44.88-74.64 µg/l; P < 0.001] and after archwire insertion (+53.55 µg/l; 95 % CI 25.57-81.52 µg/l; P < 0.001). After 4 weeks, Ni(2+) concentrations returned to initial control levels or were lower. CONCLUSION Self-ligating orthodontic appliances may affect salivary Ni(2+) concentrations in vivo over the short term. However, levels resembled those documented in conjunction with conventional bracket use and remained below the daily dietary Ni intake. 2 Abstract Background and objective: Orthodontic appliances are considered to be highly biocompatible,

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Section: +2supporting

confidence: 93%

Nickel ion concentrations in the saliva of patients treated with self-ligating fixed appliances: a prospective cohort study

et al. 2016

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“…6,7,[19][20][21][22][23] The brackets in groups B and C are composed of AISI 316L steel, whereas the brackets in group A are fabricated with AISI 303 steel. In vitro studies on the 316L alloy observed that it was more resistant to corrosion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In vitro studies on the 316L alloy observed that it was more resistant to corrosion. 6 However, even though the brackets in group B are fabricated with a more resistant alloy, they present a welded area between the body and base of the brackets, which tends to increase susceptibility to corrosion. 3,19,21,24 Comparisons with in vitro studies are necessary, yet limited, because of variations in methodology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite that, most studies report similar outcomes, whereby the ion release tends to be constant after a certain period. 6,22,25,26 However, there is no consensus as to the duration necessary before a metallic device reaches this passive state.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 The second refers to the environment in which the piece is inserted. 6 The third corresponds to use (aging) of the alloy, which is subject to side effects such as stress, thermal treatment, and recycling of components. 7 Several in vitro tests have demonstrated the corrosion and release of nickel and chromium ions from orthodontic brackets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nickel, Chromium and Iron Levels in the Saliva of Patients with Simulated Fixed Orthodontic Appliances

Souza

Menezes

2008

The Angle Orthodontist

106

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Objective: To assess the in vivo release of nickel, chromium, and iron ions into saliva by different metallic brackets. Materials and Methods: Thirty volunteers wore removable appliances with bonded brackets and were divided according to the brand of brackets: group A, 3M/Unitek (AISI 303); group B, American Orthodontics (AISI 316L); and group C, Dentaurum (AISI 316L). The appliances were worn for 60 days, and saliva samples were collected at the following time points: T1, before placement of the appliance; T2, after 10 minutes; T3, 24 hours; T4, 7 days; T5, 30 days; and T6, 60 days after insertion of the removable appliance. Saliva samples were analyzed for nickel, chromium, and iron by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Statistical analysis was performed by nonparametric tests (Friedman, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis). Results: Saliva evaluation revealed a large variation in concentration of these ions between individuals. The results also appeared to indicate an increase in nickel and chromium ions immediately after placement of the appliance (T2), but this was statistically significant only for groups B and C. There was no increase in iron levels. A tendency for increases in nickel and chromium concentrations was verified immediately after placement of the appliance, but these values are probably reduced because of biofilm formation regardless of the bracket used. Conclusion: Nickel and chromium ion concentrations increased immediately after placement of the appliance in the mouth for all study groups. There were no significant differences in the nickel, chromium, and iron levels released by the three groups of appliances at all study periods.

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In vitro cytotoxic effects of orthodontic appliances

Locci

Lilli

Marinucci

et al. 2000

J. Biomed. Mater. Res.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of an orthodontic appliance and of its components (brackets, bands, and arch wires) on some cell functions. Fibroblasts were cultured either in the presence of one unwashed orthodontic appliance, or one orthodontic appliance immersed in MEM for 28 days before use (washed appliance), or in the presence of MEM in which the appliances had been immersed. At the end of in vitro maintenance, morphological studies were carried out with SEM and TEM. Cell proliferation and GAG synthesis and secretion by radio-labeled precursors were assessed. The data indicated that unwashed appliances were more cytotoxic than washed ones. Moreover, the arch wire was the most biocompatible component of the orthodontic appliance, and the bracket was the least biocompatible. A comparative study into the effects on cell proliferation of the most common metal ions released by the appliances was also carried out. At the concentration released by one orthodontic appliance immersed for 28 days, the highest reduction in DNA synthesis was observed in the presence of Cu(++).

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Ion release from orthodontic appliances

Cited by 110 publications

References 25 publications

Nickel ion concentrations in the saliva of patients treated with self-ligating fixed appliances: a prospective cohort study

Nickel ion concentrations in the saliva of patients treated with self-ligating fixed appliances: a prospective cohort study

Nickel, Chromium and Iron Levels in the Saliva of Patients with Simulated Fixed Orthodontic Appliances

In vitro cytotoxic effects of orthodontic appliances

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