Ion rates in the International Space Station during the December 2006 Solar Particle Event

Larosa, Marianna; Agostini, F.; Casolino, M.; Santis, C. De; Fino, L. Di; Tessa, Chiara La; Narici, L.; Picozza, P.; Rinaldi, A.; Zaconte, V.

doi:10.1088/0954-3899/38/9/095102

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…10.1002/2016SW001580 Larosa et al (2011), Di Fino et al (2014, and Narici et al (2015). Characteristics of SEP radiation dose were measured from September to October of 1989 inside the Russian space station "MIR" with the first Liulin-type instrument Shurshakov et al, 1999;Smart et al, 1994) and with the Liulin-5 dosimetric telescope inside the ISS in March 2012 (Semkova et al, 2014).…”

Section: Space Weathermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Solar flares and coronal mass ejections, caused by sporadic eruptions in the chromosphere and corona of the Sun, produce high fluxes of charged solar energetic particles (SEP) with energies up to several GeV. Historically, the SEP measurements inside the ISS are rare but have been discussed in Reitz et al (), Larosa et al (), Di Fino et al (), and Narici et al (). Characteristics of SEP radiation dose were measured from September to October of 1989 inside the Russian space station “MIR” with the first Liulin‐type instrument (Petrov et al, ; Shurshakov et al, ; Smart et al, ) and with the Liulin‐5 dosimetric telescope inside the ISS in March 2012 (Semkova et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overview of the ISS Radiation Environment Observed during the ESA EXPOSE‐R2 Mission in 2014–2016

et al. 2017

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The radiation risk radiometer‐dosimeter (R3D)‐R2 solid‐state detector performed radiation measurements at the European Space Agency EXPOSE‐R2 platform outside of the Russian “Zvezda” module at the International Space Station (ISS) from 24 October 2014 to 11 January 2016. The ISS orbital parameters were average altitude of 415 km and 51.6° inclination. We developed special software and used experimentally obtained formulas to determine the radiation flux‐to‐dose ratio from the R3DR2 Liulin‐type deposited‐energy spectrometer. We provide for the first time simultaneous, long‐term estimates of radiation dose external to the ISS for four source categories: (i) galactic cosmic ray particles and their secondary products; (ii) protons in the South Atlantic Anomaly region of the inner radiation belt (IRB); (iii) relativistic electrons and/or bremsstrahlung in the outer radiation belt (ORB); and (iv) solar energetic particle (SEP) events. The latter category is new in this study. Additionally, in this study, secondary particles (SP) resulting from energetic particle interaction with the detector and nearby materials are identified. These are observed continuously at high latitudes. The detected SPs are identified using the same sorting requirements as SEP protons. The IRB protons provide the highest consistent hourly dose, while the ORB electrons and SEPs provide the most extreme hourly doses. SEPs were observed 11 times during the study interval. The R3DR2 data support calculation of average equivalent doses. The 30 day and 1 year average equivalent doses are much smaller than the skin and eyes doses recommendations by the National Council on Radiation Protection (Report 132), which provides radiation protection guidance for Low Earth Orbit.

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Section: Space Weathermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of the ISS Radiation Environment Observed during the ESA EXPOSE‐R2 Mission in 2014–2016

et al. 2017

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“…In the following years, the Anomalous Long Term Effects on Astronauts instrument (ALTEA; Berrilli et al, ; Di Fino et al, ; Larosa et al, ) provided valuable data for the ion rate composition of SPEs. Also worth mentioning are the two events in March and May 2012, which were measured inside the ISS by ALTEA (Berrilli et al, ; Di Fino et al, ), by the Liulin‐5 instrument as part of the MATROSHKA‐R experiment (Semkova et al, , ), and outside the ISS by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer‐02 experiment (AMS‐2; Bindi, ; Whitman et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Solar Particle Event on 10 September 2017 as observed onboard the International Space Station (ISS)

et al. 2018

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The nominal radiation environment in low Earth orbit, especially for the International Space Station (ISS), is dominated by two sources. The first is galactic cosmic radiation, which is modulated by the interplanetary and the Earth's magnetic fields, and the second is trapped radiation in the form of the Van Allen belts. The trapped radiation inside the ISS is mostly due to protons of the inner radiation belt. In addition to these sources sporadic solar particle events (SPEs) can produce high doses inside and outside the ISS, depending on the intensity and energy spectrum of the event. Before 2017, the last SPE observed inside the ISS with relevant radiation detectors occurred in May 2012. Even though we are currently approaching the next solar minimum, an SPE was observed in September 2017, which was (a) a ground‐level enhancement, (b) measured with various radiation detector systems onboard the ISS, and (c) observed on the surface of Mars. This paper gives an overview of the 10 September 2017 SPE measured with the DOSIS 3D‐DOSTEL and the ISS‐RAD (Radiation Assessment Detector) instruments, both located at this time in close proximity to each other in the Columbus Laboratory of the ISS. The additional dose received during the SPE was 146.2 μGy in Si as measured by ISS‐RAD and 67.8 μGy in Si as measured by the DOSIS 3D‐DOSTEL instruments. In comparison, the dose measured on the surface of Mars with the Mars Science Laboratory‐RAD instrument accounted to 418 μGy in Si.

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“…This is remarkable especially considering ALTEA's very limited sensitivity to protons. Five of these events are clearly visible in Figure 5 (high latitude data) and the March 2012 SPE can also be seen in the dose and dose equivalent results (see also Larosa et al 2011;Semkova et al 2013Semkova et al , 2014Zeitlin et al 2013;Berrilli et al 2014;Di Fino et al 2014a). Note also the lowest point in the quality factor plot (Fig.…”

Section: Solar Particle Events (Spes)mentioning

confidence: 69%

Radiation survey in the International Space Station

Narici

Casolino

Fino

et al. 2015

J. Space Weather Space Clim.

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The project ALTEA-shield/survey is part of an European Space Agency (ESA) -ILSRA (International Life Science Research Announcement) program and provides a detailed study of the International Space Station (ISS) (USLab and partly Columbus) radiation environment. The experiment spans over 2 years, from September 20, 2010 to September 30, 2012, for a total of about 1.5 years of effective measurements. The ALTEA detector system measures all heavy ions above helium and, to a limited extent, hydrogen and helium (respectively, in 25 Mev-45 MeV and 25 MeV/n-250 MeV/n energy windows) while tracking every individual particle. It measures independently the radiation along the three ISS coordinate axes. The data presented consist of flux, dose, and dose equivalent over the time of investigation, at the different surveyed locations. Data are selected from the different geographic regions (low and high latitudes and South Atlantic Anomaly, SAA). Even with a limited acceptance window for the proton contribution, the flux/dose/dose equivalent results as well as the radiation spectra provide information on how the radiation risks change in the different surveyed sites. The large changes in radiation environment found among the measured sites, due to the different shield/mass distribution, require a detailed Computer-Aided Design (CAD) model to be used together with these measurements for the validation of radiation models in space habitats. Altitude also affects measured radiation, especially in the SAA. In the period of measurements, the altitude (averaged over each minute) ranged from 339 km to 447 km. Measurements show the significant shielding effect of the ISS truss, responsible for a consistent amount of reduction in dose equivalent (and so in radiation quality). Measured Galactic Cosmic Ray (GCR) dose rates at high latitude range from 0.354 ± 0.002 nGy/s to 0.770 ± 0.006 nGy/s while dose equivalent from 1.21 ± 0.04 nSv/s to 6.05 ± 0.09 nSv/s. The radiation variation over the SAA is studied. Even with the reduced proton sensitivity, the high day-by-day variability, as well as the strong altitude dependence is clearly observed. The ability of filtering out this contribution from the data is presented as a tool to construct a radiation data set well mimicking deep space radiation, useful for model validations and improvements.

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Ion rates in the International Space Station during the December 2006 Solar Particle Event

Cited by 15 publications

References 15 publications

Overview of the ISS Radiation Environment Observed during the ESA EXPOSE‐R2 Mission in 2014–2016

Overview of the ISS Radiation Environment Observed during the ESA EXPOSE‐R2 Mission in 2014–2016

The Solar Particle Event on 10 September 2017 as observed onboard the International Space Station (ISS)

Radiation survey in the International Space Station

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