Ion-Mobility Spectrometry of Nickel Nanoparticle Oxidation Kinetics: Application to Energetic Materials

Abstract

Nanoscaled nickel particles have attracted interest for their potential use as a fuel in energetic materials. In this work, we combined two ion-mobility spectrometry approaches, tandem differential mobility analysis (TDMA) and tandem differential mobility-particle mass analysis (DMA-APM), to study the size-resolved reactivity of nickel nanoparticles. Nickel nanoparticles were generated in situ by using gas-phase thermal pyrolysis of nickel carbonyl. Four particle sizes (40, 62, 81, and 96 nm, mobility size) were then selected by using a differential mobility analyzer. These particles were sequentially oxidized in a flow reactor at various temperatures (25-1100 °C). The size and mass change of the size-selected and -reacted particles were then measured by a second DMA, or an APM. We found that both particle size and mass were increased as the temperature increased. However, at higher temperature (600-1100 °C), a different mass and size change behavior was observed that could be attributed to a phase transition between NiO and Ni 2 O 3 . A shrinking core model employed to extract the size-resolved kinetic parameters shows that the activation energy for oxidation decreased with decreasing particle size. The burning time power dependence on particle size was found to be less than 2 and nickel particles were found to be kinetically more active than aluminum.

Wavelength-Resolved UV Photoelectric Charging Dynamics of Nanoparticles: Comparison of Spheres and Aggregates

“…charged particles were measured through a setup consisting of a NanoDMA and an Ultrafine Condensation Particle Counter (CPC TSI 3776; TSI Inc., St. Paul, MN, USA). Detailed information regarding the operation principles of the measurement setup and its applications can be found elsewhere (Knutson and Whitby 1975;Higgins et al 2002;Zhou et al 2008;Shrivastava et al 2009). …”

“…On the other hand, the drawback of this single DMA configuration as compared with standard tandem differential mobility analysis (TDMA; Zhou et al 2008) is the lack of capability to differentiate single-or multiple-particle charging state in the mobility spectrum. As the object of this work is to probe single charging from photoelectric ionization, we had to ensure that multiple charging states are minimized from photoelectric ionization charging.…”

Oxidation kinetics of nickel nano crystallites obtained by controlled thermolysis of diaquabis(ethylenediamine)nickel(II) nitrate

“…Oxidation kinetics of bulk nickel has been studied by Atkinson and Taylor [14]. Oxidation kinetics of nickel nanoparticles has gained renewed interest as it is a potential candidate for chemical looping combustion [15][16][17]. Different parameters like atmosphere, heating procedure, particle size and presence of impurities influence the oxidation behavior of nickel.…”

To SHS Aspects other than those of Distributed Electrochemical Systems: From Current-Voltage Generators, Bio-cells, Batteries and Accumulators to Emission and Radiation Effects during SHS, etc

“…: Exoelectronic and exoionic beams, radiation. (iii) Creation of new sources of voltage and/or electric current [3] based on CS (iv) Electric investigations of the increased accuracy for reaction kinetics studies [4,5] . Items (i, ii, iv) are more or less clear and don't demand more detailed comments.…”