“…Methods like thermal oxidation [ 2 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ], magnetron sputtering [ 4 ] and atomic layer deposition (ALD) [ 10 ] are commonly used to manufacture copper oxides. So far, laser treatment has been used for copper sheet cleaning [ 11 ], welding [ 12 , 13 ] and cutting [ 14 ], along with copper oxide deposition by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) [ 15 ] or copper oxide sintering [ 16 ]. With the highest frequency, near infrared (NIR) laser has been adopted for copper welding [ 13 ], cutting [ 14 ] and other processes [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”