Ion implantation and diffusion behavior of silver in zinc oxide

Sakaguchi, Isao; Watanabe, Ken; Ohgaki, Takeshi; Nakagawa, Takeshi; Hishita, Shunichi; Adachi, Yutaka; Ohashi, Naoki; Haneda, Hajime

doi:10.2109/jcersj2.118.217

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This stems from the different valence states of Ag and Zn as well as from the larger Ag ionic radius when compared to that of Zn . Sakaguchi et al investigated the diffusion of Ag in polycrystalline ZnO in the temperature range 700–900 °C . They found a Ag diffusion coefficient in ZnO equal to 7.8 × 10 –13 cm 2 /s at 900 °C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…60 Sakaguchi et al investigated the diffusion of Ag in polycrystalline ZnO in the temperature range 700−900 °C. 61 They found a Ag diffusion coefficient in ZnO equal to 7.8 × 10 −13 cm 2 /s at 900 °C. For a lower temperature range, McBrayer et al 62 studied metal diffusion in SiO 2 oxide layers and reported that the Ag diffusion coefficient, D, is equal to 10 −15 cm 2 /s at a temperature of 221 °C, which is typically the measured temperature associated with the AgNW network failure.…”

Section: Acs Applied Materials and Interfacesmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Stability Enhancement of Silver Nanowire Networks with Conformal ZnO Coatings Deposited by Atmospheric Pressure Spatial Atomic Layer Deposition

Khan

Nguyễn

Muñoz‐Rojas

et al. 2018

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

106

143

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Silver nanowire (AgNW) networks offer excellent electrical and optical properties and have emerged as one of the most attractive alternatives to transparent conductive oxides to be used in flexible optoelectronic applications. However, AgNW networks still suffer from chemical, thermal, and electrical instabilities, which in some cases can hinder their efficient integration as transparent electrodes in devices such as solar cells, transparent heaters, touch screens, and organic light emitting diodes. We have used atmospheric pressure spatial atomic layer deposition (AP-SALD) to fabricate hybrid transparent electrode materials in which the AgNW network is protected by a conformal thin layer of zinc oxide. The choice of AP-SALD allows us to maintain the low-cost and scalable processing of AgNW-based transparent electrodes. The effects of the ZnO coating thickness on the physical properties of AgNW networks are presented. The composite electrodes show a drastic enhancement of both thermal and electrical stabilities. We found that bare AgNWs were stable only up to 300 °C when subjected to thermal ramps, whereas the ZnO coating improved the stability up to 500 °C. Similarly, ZnO-coated AgNWs exhibited an increase of 100% in electrical stability with respect to bare networks, withstanding up to 18 V. A simple physical model shows that the origin of the stability improvement is the result of hindered silver atomic diffusion thanks to the presence of the thin oxide layer and the quality of the interfaces of hybrid electrodes. The effects of ZnO coating on both the network adhesion and optical transparency are also discussed. Finally, we show that the AP-SALD ZnO-coated AgNW networks can be effectively used as very stable transparent heaters.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Acs Applied Materials and Interfacesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Stability Enhancement of Silver Nanowire Networks with Conformal ZnO Coatings Deposited by Atmospheric Pressure Spatial Atomic Layer Deposition

Khan

Nguyễn

Muñoz‐Rojas

et al. 2018

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

106

143

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“…Furthermore, since Ag is a group 11 (I-b) element, Ag doping has been reported as a possible way to form acceptor states in ZnO, if the Ag ion occupies a substitutional Zn site (Ag Zn ), therefore achieving p-type conductivity 21 -24 . However, Ag is considered to have a low solubility in ZnO at equilibrium conditions, since the Ag ion has a different valence state than ZnO and a larger ionic radius, so diffusion of the Ag to the surface of the ZnO is frequently observed 25 . The production of this type of ZnO/metal composites usually involves procedures as calcination, sputter or electrophoretic deposition of metals in the ZnO surfaces 18 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ZnO micro/nanocrystals grown by laser assisted flow deposition

et al. 2014

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Laser assisted flow deposition (LAFD) is a very high yield method based on a vapor-solid mechanism, allowing the production of ZnO crystals in a very short time. The LAFD was used in the growth of different morphologies (nanoparticles, tetrapods and microrods) of ZnO micro/nanocrystals and their microstructural characterization confirms the excellent crystallinity of the wurtzite structure. The optical properties of the as-grown ZnO crystals investigated by low temperature photoluminescence (PL) evidence a well-structured near band edge emission (NBE) due to the recombination of free (FX), surface (SX) and donor bound (D 0 X) excitons. Among the most representative emission lines, the 3.31 eV transition was found to occur in the stacking faults-free microrods. The luminescence behavior observed in H passivated samples suggests a closer relationship between this optical center and the presence of surface states.Besides the unintentionally doped micro/nanocrystals, ZnO/Ag and ZnO/carbon nanotubes (CNT) hybrid structures were processed by LAFD. The former aims at the incorporation of silver as a p-type dopant and the latter envisaging photovoltaic applications. Silver-related spherical particles were found to be inhomogeneously distributed at the microrods surface, accumulating at the rods tips and promoting the ZnO nanorods re-nucleation. Despite the fact that energy dispersive X-ray measurements suggest that a fraction of the silver could be incorporated in the ZnO rods, no new related luminescence lines or bands were observed when compared with the as-grown samples. For the case of the ZnO/CNT composites two main approaches were adopted: i) a direct deposition of ZnO particles on the surface of vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) forests without employing any additional catalyst and ii) new ZnO/CNT hybrids were developed as buckypaper nanocomposites. The use of the LAFD technique in the first approach preserves the CNTs structure and alignment and avoids the collapse of the VACNTs array, which is a major advantage of this method. On the other hand, LAFD grown ZnO nanoparticles and tetrapods were used to produce ZnO/CNT buckypaper nanocomposites. When compared with the as-grown samples the PL spectra of the composites structures behave differently. For the case of the ZnO/VACNTs no changes on the peak position and spectral shape were observed. Only an enhancement of the overall luminescence was found to occur. On contrary, for the buckypaper nanocomposites notable changes on the spectral shape and peak position were observed, likely due to distinct surface band bending effects for the ZnO nanoparticles and tetrapods embedded in the CNTs.

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“…Zinc oxide (ZnO)‐based ceramics are used in various applications including varistors, gas sensors, thermoelectric devices, and piezoelectric transducers, to mention a few. Hence, significant efforts have been made in the past to develop processes that would increase the density (i.e., greater than 95%) of ZnO‐based ceramics .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two‐Step Sintering of Pristine and Aluminum‐Doped Zinc Oxide Ceramics

Tan

Yang

Zhang

et al. 2012

Int J Applied Ceramic Tech

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ZnO and Al-doped ZnO ceramics with high density and fine grain size were prepared using a two-step sintering method. ZnO ceramics with a grain size of 1.2 lm and a density greater than 99% were obtained. The kinetic window for a ZnO nanoparticle TSS process was determined in this study. Dense AZO ceramics with homogeneous Al distribution were obtained using a high sintering temperature (T st ) of 1323 K and a low sintering temperature (T nd ) of 1273 K. The activation energies for ZnO and AZO nanoparticle grain growth were determined to be 169 ± 18 kJ/mol and 374 ± 36 kJ/mol, respectively.Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol., 9 [5] 960-967 (2012)

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Ion implantation and diffusion behavior of silver in zinc oxide

Cited by 12 publications

References 14 publications

Stability Enhancement of Silver Nanowire Networks with Conformal ZnO Coatings Deposited by Atmospheric Pressure Spatial Atomic Layer Deposition

Stability Enhancement of Silver Nanowire Networks with Conformal ZnO Coatings Deposited by Atmospheric Pressure Spatial Atomic Layer Deposition

ZnO micro/nanocrystals grown by laser assisted flow deposition

Two‐Step Sintering of Pristine and Aluminum‐Doped Zinc Oxide Ceramics

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