Ion homeostasis in the Chloroplast

Hanikenne, Marc; Bernal, M. Mar; Urzica, Eugen I.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-1136-3_17

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Dalal and Tripathy [72] reported that under stress, plants reduce the expression of genes associated with porphyrin biosynthesis, preventing the production of intermediates that could generate free radicals. Pigment synthesis disturbances may also result from impaired enzyme activity as a result of disturbances in the ionic homeostasis of cells, affecting the availability of enzyme cofactors [75,76]. In the shoots of grass pea, the content of photosynthetic pigments decreased under both NaCl-and PEG-induced stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is the Difference between the Response of Grass Pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) to Salinity and Drought Stress?—A Physiological Study

et al. 2020

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Understanding the mechanisms of plant tolerance to osmotic and chemical stress is fundamental to maintaining high crop productivity. Soil drought often occurs in combination with physiological drought, which causes chemical stress due to high concentrations of ions. Hence, it is often assumed that the acclimatization of plants to salinity and drought follows the same mechanisms. Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) is a legume plant with extraordinary tolerance to severe drought and moderate salinity. The aim of the presented study was to compare acclimatization strategies of grass pea seedlings to osmotic (PEG) and chemical (NaCl) stress on a physiological level. Concentrations of NaCl and PEG were adjusted to create an osmotic potential of a medium at the level of 0.0, −0.45 and −0.65 MPa. The seedlings on the media with PEG were much smaller than those growing in the presence of NaCl, but had a significantly higher content percentage of dry weight. Moreover, the stressors triggered different accumulation patterns of phenolic compounds, soluble and insoluble sugars, proline and β-N-oxalyl-L-α,β-diamino propionic acid, as well as peroxidase and catalase activity. Our results showed that drought stress induced a resistance mechanism consisting of growth rate limitation in favor of osmotic adjustment, while salinity stress induced primarily the mechanisms of efficient compartmentation of harmful ions in the roots and shoots. Furthermore, our results indicated that grass pea plants differed in their response to drought and salinity from the very beginning of stress occurrence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is the Difference between the Response of Grass Pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) to Salinity and Drought Stress?—A Physiological Study

et al. 2020

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“…Thus, research on the regulation of light-harvesting efficiency requires a new approach when the effects, and mechanisms, of both protons and all other ions will be addressed simultaneously. This is even more important in light of the discovery of several ion channels and transporters in the chloroplast (see, e.g., Carraretto et al, 2013; Armbruster et al, 2014; Hamamoto and Uozumi, 2014; Kunz et al, 2014; Herdean et al, 2016; also see recent reviews by Checchetto et al, 2013; Hanikenne et al, 2014; Pfeil et al, 2014; Finazzi et al, 2015; Xu et al, 2015; Carraretto et al, 2016). …”

Section: General Aspects Of Light-harvesting and Ion Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Ions in the Regulation of Light-Harvesting

Kaňa

Govindjee

2016

Front. Plant Sci.

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Regulation of photosynthetic light harvesting in the thylakoids is one of the major key factors affecting the efficiency of photosynthesis. Thylakoid membrane is negatively charged and influences both the structure and the function of the primarily photosynthetic reactions through its electrical double layer (EDL). Further, there is a heterogeneous organization of soluble ions (K+, Mg2+, Cl−) attached to the thylakoid membrane that, together with fixed charges (negatively charged amino acids, lipids), provides an electrical field. The EDL is affected by the valence of the ions and interferes with the regulation of “state transitions,” protein interactions, and excitation energy “spillover” from Photosystem II to Photosystem I. These effects are reflected in changes in the intensity of chlorophyll a fluorescence, which is also a measure of photoprotective non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of the excited state of chlorophyll a. A triggering of NPQ proceeds via lumen acidification that is coupled to the export of positive counter-ions (Mg2+, K+) to the stroma or/and negative ions (e.g., Cl−) into the lumen. The effect of protons and anions in the lumen and of the cations (Mg2+, K+) in the stroma are, thus, functionally tightly interconnected. In this review, we discuss the consequences of the model of EDL, proposed by Barber (1980b) Biochim Biophys Acta 594:253–308) in light of light-harvesting regulation. Further, we explain differences between electrostatic screening and neutralization, and we emphasize the opposite effect of monovalent (K+) and divalent (Mg2+) ions on light-harvesting and on “screening” of the negative charges on the thylakoid membrane; this effect needs to be incorporated in all future models of photosynthetic regulation by ion channels and transporters.

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“…It has recently become evident that plastids represent a significant pool for Ca 2+ release in plants (21,37,38). We measured hyperosmotic-induced Ca 2+ responses in plastidial-localized kea mutant lines.…”

Section: Survey Of Ion Transporters That May Play a Role In Elicitingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid hyperosmotic-induced Ca ²⁺ responses in Arabidopsis thaliana exhibit sensory potentiation and involvement of plastidial KEA transporters

Stephan

Kunz

Yang

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Plants experience hyperosmotic stress when faced with saline soils and possibly with drought stress, but it is currently unclear how plant roots perceive this stress in an environment of dynamic water availabilities. Hyperosmotic stress induces a rapid rise in intracellular Ca 2+ concentrations ([Ca 2+ ] i ) in plants, and this Ca 2+ response may reflect the activities of osmo-sensory components. Here, we find in the reference plant Arabidopsis thaliana that the rapid hyperosmoticinduced Ca 2+ response exhibited enhanced response magnitudes after preexposure to an intermediate hyperosmotic stress. We term this phenomenon "osmo-sensory potentiation." The initial sensing and potentiation occurred in intact plants as well as in roots. Having established a quantitative understanding of wild-type responses, we investigated effects of pharmacological inhibitors and candidate channel/transporter mutants. Quintuple mechano-sensitive channels of small conductance-like (MSL) plasma membrane-targeted channel mutants as well as double mid1-complementing activity (MCA) channel mutants did not affect the response. Interestingly, however, double mutations in the plastid K + exchange antiporter (KEA) transporters kea1kea2 and a single mutation that does not visibly affect chloroplast structure, kea3, impaired the rapid hyperosmotic-induced Ca 2+ responses. These mutations did not significantly affect sensory potentiation of the response. These findings suggest that plastids may play an important role in early steps mediating the response to hyperosmotic stimuli. Together, these findings demonstrate that the plant osmosensory components necessary to generate rapid osmotic-induced Ca 2+ responses remain responsive under varying osmolarities, endowing plants with the ability to perceive the dynamic intensities of water limitation imposed by osmotic stress.osmotic sensing | calcium | salt stress | plastid | abscisic acid P lants exhibit a wide range of physiological responses to cope with water deprivation by drought and salinity stress (1-3). The properties of biological sensors determine the circumstances and extent to which these coping mechanisms are activated, but the early sensory mechanisms and components regulating the osmotic sensory components in plants are not well understood (see ref. 4 for review). Pioneering studies have demonstrated that Arabidopsis seedlings expressing the bioluminescent Ca 2+ reporter protein aequorin exhibit a rapid rise in intracellular Ca 2+ ([Ca 2+ ] i ) within seconds upon stimulation by NaCl solution (5, 6). This rapid osmotic-induced Ca 2+ response has been observed in plant species ranging from rice (7) to the basal-branching moss taxon Physcomitrella patens (8), indicating that this response may be conserved across the Plantae kingdom. Solutions of either NaCl or isoosmotic mannitol/sorbitol induce nearly identical rapid Ca 2+ responses, indicating that the nature of this rapid stimulus is largely osmotic rather than ionic (5, 9, 10). Individual seedling responses tend to be quite hetero...

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Ion homeostasis in the Chloroplast

Cited by 14 publications

References 383 publications

What is the Difference between the Response of Grass Pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) to Salinity and Drought Stress?—A Physiological Study

What is the Difference between the Response of Grass Pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) to Salinity and Drought Stress?—A Physiological Study

Role of Ions in the Regulation of Light-Harvesting

Rapid hyperosmotic-induced Ca ²⁺ responses in Arabidopsis thaliana exhibit sensory potentiation and involvement of plastidial KEA transporters

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Ion homeostasis in the Chloroplast

Cited by 14 publications

References 383 publications

What is the Difference between the Response of Grass Pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) to Salinity and Drought Stress?—A Physiological Study

What is the Difference between the Response of Grass Pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) to Salinity and Drought Stress?—A Physiological Study

Role of Ions in the Regulation of Light-Harvesting

Rapid hyperosmotic-induced Ca 2+ responses in Arabidopsis thaliana exhibit sensory potentiation and involvement of plastidial KEA transporters

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Rapid hyperosmotic-induced Ca ²⁺ responses in Arabidopsis thaliana exhibit sensory potentiation and involvement of plastidial KEA transporters