Ion Extraction and Counting System for Barium Tagging in Gaseous Xenon for the Enriched Xenon Observatory

Abstract

The Enriched Xenon Observatory is an experiment in the search of the neutrinoless double beta decay of 136 Xe. A positive observation and measurement of the decay rate would determine fundamental properties of the neutrinos, such as their nature (Majorana or Dirac) and their absolute mass scale. A liquid xenon time projection chamber is currently operating at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) in Carlsbad, NM; and a gaseous xenon TPC prototype is in a research and development stage at Carleton University. for the constructive comments. Philippe Gravelle and Yves Baribeau, thank you for the patience and the time spent helping me solve the infinite technical issues I encountered every day. Thanks to my co-workers and friends, Ryan Killick, Etienne Rollin, Vincent Basque, Caio Licciardi, Matt Dunford and Francois Leonard. To all the EXO collaborators I met shifting in New Mexico, thanks for the shared knowledge and for the good times. To my family, the greatest gratitude for the unconditional support, for believing in me, and for filling my life with happiness.ii Contents Abstract i Acknowledgements ii List of Figures viReferences 96

A Study Of The Xenon Vapour Pressure Isotope Effect

“…The helium is formed from hydrogen which releasing energy in the prosses. There are five paths for this process given below given below [31]:…”

“…This observation would contribute to many more questions like CP violation in leptons and mass hierarchy. The definite evidence of Majorana particle nature of neutrinos would be provided by practical measurement of this decay process, which may also solve the problem of absolute mass of the neutrino particle [31].…”

“…The polarity of the multiplayer's voltage can be used to determine the polarity of ions detected. For example, in the case of negative ions to be detected, the positive input bias is needed and vice versa [31].…”

“…Conversely, for the other mode of operation, when quadrupole is operated with RF and DC mode, the ions with small range of mass to charge ratio are allowed to maintain the stable paths and hence to reach the detector applying mass selection to the ions injected. The passage of more numbers of particles with mass to charge ratio through the filter and detector requires the constant variation of DC and RF voltage such that two filters with low mass and high mass filtration would not overlap[31].…”

Observation of Singly Charged Barium Ions in a Buffer Gas: Towards a Functional Barium-Tagging System for Use in the Enriched Xenon Observatory

“…−6 mbar region[72]. Here at Carleton, the charge-conversion of 136 Ba ++ to 136 Ba + using tri-ethyl-amine (TEA) has been demonstrated[73], and a barium ion selection system has been constructed[74] for the use in a planned system to measure the absolute eciency of charge conversion plus ion trapping and identication. My work focused…”