Ion exposure chambers for small animals

Charry, Jonathan M.; Bailey, Warren; Shapiro, Monte H.; Weiss, Jay M.

doi:10.1002/bem.2250070102

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…Of the studies reviewed, only 13 [ 48 – 50 , 55 , 57 , 59 , 64 , 78 , 82 , 97 , 125 ] controlled for the production of ozone and other gaseous by-products. Bailey and Charry [ 57 , 78 , 82 ] used a specially-designed exposure system evaluated by the US National Bureau of Standards to prevent such confounders [ 130 ]. For a few other ion generation systems there would appear to be little need for control measures on gaseous by-products [ 108 , 109 , 123 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure of laboratory animals to small air ions: a systematic review of biological and behavioral studies

2018

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BackgroundAir ions are molecules of air that have become ionized—that is, they have either lost or gained an electrical charge. Past speculation has suggested that exposure to positive air ions may be harmful to one’s health, while exposure to negative air ions may be associated with beneficial health effects. Air ions arise from natural sources as well as direct-current transmission lines and commercial ionizers. Several recent clinical studies have suggested therapeutic effects of air ions on various types of depression at exposure levels 10- to 1000-fold higher than most previous human studies. The aim of this study was to assess the evidence from studies of laboratory animals for beneficial or adverse effects of air ions on health.MethodsSixty-two studies (1935–2015) in nine topics areas were evaluated for quality and potential systematic bias by ARRIVE guidelines. Standardized mean differences or proportional differences between exposed and control groups were computed for 44 studies to quantitatively assess the strength of the evidence for exposure-related effects.ResultsMany of the studies were conducted before 1990 and exhibited various reporting and methodological deficiencies, including small sample size, failure to control for the influence of potential confounding variables, lack of randomized assignment to treatment groups and blinded analyses, and statistical errors relating to treating group-exposed animals as individuals. The highest quality studies consistently reported no effects of exposure on any of the endpoints examined. There were no evident dose–response relationships within or across studies.ConclusionsExperimental studies of laboratory animals exposed to positive and negative air ions for minutes to years over a five-log unit range of intensities did not suggest any consistent or reliable effects on measures of behavior, learning and memory, neurotransmitters, tracheal function, respiratory infection, cardiovascular function, reproduction and growth, carcinogenesis, or other health endpoints. These data do not provide evidence of adverse or beneficial effects of air ion exposure on health, and did not suggest any biological mechanism of interaction, except perhaps for mechanosensory stimulation of body surfaces by static electric fields at high air ion concentrations.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12938-018-0499-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure of laboratory animals to small air ions: a systematic review of biological and behavioral studies

2018

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“…The increase in high-frequency noise above 17 kHz attributable to corona discharge was at most 2 db above ambient operating conditions (46-47 db). A complete description of the exposure system and its performance has been provided elsewhere (Charry et al, 1985).…”

Section: Exposure and Dosimetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional turnover of norepinephrine and dopamine in rat brain following acute exposure to air ions

Charry

Bailey

1985

Bioelectromagnetics

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Exposure to air ions has been reported to influence serotonin (5HT), although critical reviews of these studies and previous measurements in our laboratory of the concentration, release, and utilization of brain 5HT indicate that neither the data nor the interpretations of the data are particularly convincing. Measurements of other possibly relevant neurotransmitter systems--norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA)--were made in brain regions selected because of their importance in the modulation of brain functions relating to motivation, arousal, endocrine function, and motor activity, all responses that have been reported to be influenced by air ion exposure. Results indicate that exposure of male Holtzman rats to high concentrations (5.0 X 10(5)/cm3) of positive or negative air ions or to DC electric fields (3.0 kV/m) for periods up to 66 h failed to affect the concentration of NE or DA significantly in any of the brain regions.

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Behavioral monitoring of rats during exposure to air ions and DC electric fields

Bailey

Charry

1986

Bioelectromagnetics

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Air ions and direct current (DC) electric fields have been reported to exert subtle behavioral and biological effects on rodents and humans. These effects often appear inconsistent, yet there have been few attempts to resolve these inconsistencies by experimental replication. Rats exposed to negatively or positively charged air ions over a wide range of concentrations and exposure periods have been reported to show alterations in their level of locomotor activity. In this study, locomotor activity of Sprague-Dawley rats was quantified during exposure to either unipolar air ions and DC fields of the same polarity or DC fields alone. Both polarities were studied. Air ion concentrations were 5.0 X 10(3), DC fields were 3 kV/m, and exposures lasted 2, 18, or 66 h. In one experiment rats were exposed to DC fields of 12 kV/m. No exposure condition exerted any effect on locomotor activity or rearing behavior. In addition, no behavioral perturbations were observed after the onset of any of the exposure conditions, suggesting that the rats may have failed to detect the altered environment.

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Ion exposure chambers for small animals

Cited by 9 publications

References 8 publications

Exposure of laboratory animals to small air ions: a systematic review of biological and behavioral studies

Exposure of laboratory animals to small air ions: a systematic review of biological and behavioral studies

Regional turnover of norepinephrine and dopamine in rat brain following acute exposure to air ions

Behavioral monitoring of rats during exposure to air ions and DC electric fields

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