Ion-exchange resins in the isolation of nitrogen compounds from petroleum residues

Oliveira, Eniz Conceição; Campos, Maria Cecı́lia Vaz de; Lopes, Aline Sant'ana; Vale, Maria Goreti R.; Caramão, Elina Bastos

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2003.08.088

Cited by 35 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The SCX phase, a polymerically bonded benzenesulfonic acid functional group, provided a mixed mode separation with both ionic and hydrophobic interactions facilitating retention. The use of such phases for the isolation of benzoquinoline and other pyridine derivatives has been reported previously with similar success. ,, As with previous studies, benzoquinoline was isolated completely in the basic fractions (Figure C; SCX4). Analysis of fractions by GC/MS showed no division of the quinoline model compound between the two basic fractions, indicating strong ionic interactions between the basic nitrogen compound and the chromatographic phase.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Utilization of a toluene wash readily solubilized and eluted (Figure S2C) the bulk of the deposited material and resulted in an “asphaltene” type fraction (Figure S2B). Experimentation with previously employed solvents for the removal of basic material, modified methanol, , and binary mixtures of THF/DCM showed these to be a poor choice, solubilizing only a small fraction of basic materials. Neat THF proved the most appropriate, capable of solubilizing the higher volumes of modifier necessary to elute the more strongly exchanged compounds.…”

Section: Experimental Detailmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Less commonly reproduced are the extensive, class-type separations, , and more targeted crude oil separations (e.g., refs and − ). Historically, class-type separations are laborious, generating large numbers of fractions (e.g., 36 fractions).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many of these methods utilize both ion-exchange (IEX) and normal phase chromatography to generate fractions. Those methods utilizing IEX more commonly apply anion-exchange (AX) chromatography ,− as the initial point of separation and, more rarely, cation-exchange (CX) chromatography. , Removal/isolation of higher polarity/ionic species results in substantially reduced losses due to irreversible adsorption to normal phases and removes the need for deasphalting steps, thus allowing whole crudes to be separated. Despite the common implementation of a primary AX step, the effectiveness of the CX step at reducing the matrix complexity of samples prior to separation by AX while maintaining integrity of acid fractions has been demonstrated .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Class Type Separation of the Polar and Apolar Components of Petroleum

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Identification of the heteroatom (nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen)-containing compounds of petroleum is of key importance when considering industrial and environmental issues associated with crude oil production. The more commonly performed methods of crude oil fractionation are often insufficient in the extent to which they separate oils, not allowing defined "molecular" fractions to be obtained. Methods capable of performing a class type separation are uncommon and are often extensive and resource and time intensive. Here we report a method for the separation of crude oils into discrete compound classes. The method utilizes both ion exchange and normal phase chromatography to generate fractions of saturated hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, basic compounds, naphthenic acids, and other oxygen-containing species, carbazoles, sulfones, and thiophenes from small crude oil samples (∼0.5 g). Assessment of method selectivity with a suite of model compounds has shown the fractions to be well-defined, with classes of model compounds isolated within discrete fractions. Application of the method to five crude oils of varying API gravity (12.1-38.3°) demonstrates a potential for wide-ranging use. Sample recoveries were high (77-98%) with simple evaporative losses correlating closely with total sample loss. Repeatability was also high, demonstrated by triplicate analyses of model compound mixtures, oils spiked with model compounds and oils alone. Separation selectivity was further demonstrated by application of the scheme to the Alaska North Slope (ANS) crude oil and analysis of fractions by comprehensive two-dimensional gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry (GC × GC/MS) and/or liquid-chromatography high-resolution accurate-mass mass-spectrometry methods (LC-HRAM-MS). Isolation of discrete fractions then allowed excellent separation (by LC and GC methods) of carbazole, dibenzothiophene, fluorenones, xanthones, and quinoline fractions. Individual parent and C alkyl homologues were easily separated (GC × GC/MS), allowing high-quality mass spectra (EI) to be obtained for the individual compounds in many cases. Analysis of fractions by GC × GC/MS also allowed a series of thioxanones to be identified.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Experimental Detailmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Class Type Separation of the Polar and Apolar Components of Petroleum

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The S/L methods are based on the use of a cation-exchange column. The packing material can be either cation-exchanger macroreticulated resins (generally Amberlyst-15) − or acid-modified silica. ,, Finally, more anecdotal, the precipitation method consists to pass gaseous hydrogen chloride to the sample to precipitate the base hydrochlorides that are filtered off and washed with benzene. To our knowledge this method has only been applied to asphaltenes .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction of Basic Components from Petroleum Crude Oil

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An easy-to-implement solid/liquid extraction method has been developed to extract the basic molecules from petroleum crude oil in significant amounts (700-800 mg). The basic molecules are first extracted from crude oil using a cation-exchange sorbent, then recovered using methylamine. After checking the quantitativity of the method with model systems composed of commercially available basic and nonbasic molecules, four different crude oils spanning different properties (from light oil to extra-heavy crude oils) were tested. The efficiency of the method has been checked by determining the extraction yield from elemental analysis and titration measurements (total base number determination). Results show that 80-90% of bases are extracted from crude oils having densities comprised between 0.875 and 0.939 g.cm -3 at 15 °C. The extraction yield is significantly lower for an extra-heavy crude oil (around 70%).

show abstract

Oil Films

and¹,

Simon²

2014

Oil Spill Remediation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ion-exchange resins in the isolation of nitrogen compounds from petroleum residues

Cited by 35 publications

References 20 publications

Class Type Separation of the Polar and Apolar Components of Petroleum

Class Type Separation of the Polar and Apolar Components of Petroleum

Extraction of Basic Components from Petroleum Crude Oil

Oil Films

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About