Ion exchange resins as catalysts for the liquid-phase dehydration of 1-butanol to di-n-butyl ether

Abstract

9This work reports the production of di-n-butyl ether (DNBE) by means of 1-butanol dehydration 10 in the liquid phase on acidic ion-exchange resins. Dehydration experiments were performed at 11 150 ºC and 40 bar on 13 styrene-codivinylbenzene ion exchangers of different morphology. By 12 comparing 1-butanol conversions to DNBE and initial reaction rates it is concluded that 13 oversulfonated resins are the most active catalysts for 1-butanol dehydration reaction whereas 14 gel-type resins that swell significantly in the reaction medium as well as the macroreticular 15 thermostable resin Amberlyst-70 are the most selective to DNBE. The highest DNBE yield was 16 achieved on Amberlyst 36. The influence of typical 1-butanol impurities on the dehydration 17 reaction were also investigated showing that the presence of 2-methyl-1-propanol (isobutanol) 18 enhance the formation of branched ethers such as 1-(1-methylpropoxy) butane and 1-(2-19 methylpropoxy) butane, whereas the presence of ethanol and acetone gives place to ethyl butyl 20 ether and, in much lesser extent, diethyl ether. 21

Adsorption of C1–C4 Alcohols, C4–C5 Isoolefins, and their Corresponding Ethers over Amberlyst™35

“…Therefore, K j, L could not be experimentally determined for ethers. As expected, symmetric ethers from dehydration of C 1 –C 4 primary alcohols were not detected, since such reactions usually take place at temperatures higher than 353 K , . Fig.…”

Thermodynamic equilibrium for the dehydration of 1-butanol to di-n-butyl ether

“…Besides DNBE, some side products were detected in the reaction medium. Figure 1 shows the proposed reaction scheme where 1-butene can be formed by intramolecular (Pérez et al, 2014).…”

“…In a previous work (Pérez et al, 2014) we showed that di-n-butyl ether can be successfully synthesized through the bimolecular dehydration of 1-butanol over acidic ion-exchange resins.…”

Role of ion‐exchange resins as catalyst in the reaction‐network of transformation of biomass into biofuels

“…No reference has been found in the open literature concerning acid resins. Notwithstanding, taking into account the activity of ion exchange resins in etherification reactions, it is expected that acidic resins could also give interesting results for this etherification …”