Ion Exchange Membranes

Wang, Yaoming; Xu, Tongwen

doi:10.1002/9781118522318.emst005

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 173 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…When hard water is passed through the cation exchange resin, an ion exchange process occurs between the water and the ion exchange resin, because of which the calcium and magnesium cations present in the water are adsorbed on the surface of the cation exchange resin, and sodium cations from the ion exchange resin are transferred to the water. The ion exchange process is often used to remove heavy metal cations from water and to extract various ions from industrially polluted water [19][20][21]. The efficiency of the ion-exchange process for water treatment largely depends on the exchange capacity of the sorbent, i.e., the ability of the sorbent to adsorb a certain amount of ions from the solution composition, and on the cost of regeneration of the spent sorbent.…”

Section: Ion Exchangementioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Slow Sand Filtration for Raw Water Treatment with Potential Application in Less-Developed Countries

Abdiyev

Azat

Kuldeyev

et al. 2023

Water

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Providing safe drinking water to people in developing countries is an urgent worldwide water problem and a main issue in the UN Sustainable Development Goals. One of the most efficient and cheapest methods to attain these goals is to promote the use of slow sand filters. This review shows that slow sand filters can efficiently provide safe drinking water to people living in rural communities not served by a central water supply. Probably, the most important aspect of SSF for developing and less-developed countries is its function as a biological filter. WASH problems mainly relate to the spread of viruses, bacteria, and parasites. The surface and shallow groundwater in developing countries around urban areas and settlements are often polluted by domestic wastewater containing these microbes and nutrients. Thus, SSF’s function is to treat raw water in the form of diluted wastewater where high temperature and access to nutrients probably mean a high growth rate of microbes and algae but probably also high predation and high efficiency of the SSF. However, factors that may adversely affect the removal of microbiological constituents are mainly low temperature, high and intermittent flow rates, reduced sand depth, filter immaturity, and various filter amendments. Further research is thus needed in these areas, specifically for developing countries.

show abstract

Section: Ion Exchangementioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Slow Sand Filtration for Raw Water Treatment with Potential Application in Less-Developed Countries

Abdiyev

Azat

Kuldeyev

et al. 2023

Water

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…When hard water is passed through the cation exchange resin, an ion exchange process occurs between the water and the ion exchange resin, because of which the calcium and magnesium cations present in the water are adsorbed on the surface of the cation exchange resin, and sodium cations from the ion exchange resin are transferred to the water. The ion exchange process is often used to remove heavy metal cations from water and to extract various ions from industrially polluted water [18][19][20]. The efficiency of the ion-exchange process for water treatment largely depends on the exchange capacity of the sorbent, i.e., the ability of the sorbent to adsorb a certain amount of ions from the solution composition, and on the cost of regeneration of the spent sorbent.…”

Section: Ion Exchangementioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Slow Sand Filtration for Raw Water Treatment with Potential Application in Less-Developed Countries

Abdiyev¹,

Azat²,

Kuldeyev³

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Providing safe drinking water to people in developing countries is an urgent world-wide water problem and a main issue in the UN Sustainability Goals. One of the most efficient and cheapest methods to attain these goals is the use of slow sand filters. Slow sand filters can efficiently provide safe drinking water to people living in small rural communities not served by central water supply systems. The purpose of this review article is to critically summarize and synthesize features and advantages of slow sand filtration methods to improve the quality of drinking water with special focus on less-developed countries. Even though slow sand filtration is an old technique, its efficiency and cost-effectiveness make it important to continue to develop the method in parallel to other chemical and biological methods. Thus, there are needs to continue to develop methods for slow sand filtration combined with simple disinfection techniques for treatment of microbiological pollutants such as bacteria, microbes, viruses, and parasites. These techniques can be applied before or after the sand filter application. Studies are also needed to investigate other types of porous material in areas where suitable sand and gravel are not readily available. Methods are needed to reduce the contents of emerging environmental pollutants such as surfactants and microplastics. Also, further studies are needed to determine design criteria (particle size distribution, depth of media, residence time, temperature, etc.) for different types of pollutants, existing and emerging. Finally, further research is needed to advise on life cycle time, operation (e.g., batch or continuous flow), and maintenance procedures (cleaning of media, back-flushing, etc.) for used porous media in slow the sand filtration.

show abstract

“…Anion-exchange membranes were also prepared by polycondensation of phenylenediamines, phenol, and formaldehyde. The durability of such membranes was not sufficient for long-term usage (Alexandratos, 2008;Sata, 2002;Y. Wang & Xu, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ion exchange property of PF resin was discovered by Adams and Holmes in 1935 (Inamuddin & Luqman, 2012). Around 1940, synthetic ionexchange membranes based on phenol-formaldehyde condensation products were used in many industrial applications such as electrodialysis, electrodialytic concentration of seawater, and desalination of saline water (Alexandratos, 2008;Brydson, 1999;Sata, 2002;Y. Wang & Xu, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anion Exchange Membrane Functionalized by Phenol-formaldehyde Resins: Functional Group, Morphology, and Absorption Analysis

Parajuli,

Murali,

Samatha

et al. 2023

Pragya Darshan

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We have developed a straightforward and uncomplicated technique for creating alkaline exchange membranes (AEMs) that possess both high alkaline durability and improved ionic conductivity. This method provides an appealing alternative to conventional approaches, notably by eliminating the need for the use of the carcinogenic reagent chloromethyl methyl ether, typically employed in AEM preparation. Examination of the membranes via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals a consistently smooth surface. Augmenting the ion-exchange material's weight percentage in the casting solution results in enhanced water content, ion exchange capacity, and electrical conductivity. Importantly, our approach entirely circumvents the use of the hazardous chloromethy l methyl ether reagent, commonly associated with AEM preparation. TGA for thermal stability and chemical stability, conductivity with impedance data, and electrochemical tests are going on. The outcomes of this study present an appealing alternative to traditional methods for AEM synthesis.

show abstract

Ion Exchange Membranes

Cited by 4 publications

References 173 publications

Review of Slow Sand Filtration for Raw Water Treatment with Potential Application in Less-Developed Countries

Review of Slow Sand Filtration for Raw Water Treatment with Potential Application in Less-Developed Countries

Review of Slow Sand Filtration for Raw Water Treatment with Potential Application in Less-Developed Countries

Anion Exchange Membrane Functionalized by Phenol-formaldehyde Resins: Functional Group, Morphology, and Absorption Analysis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About