Ion exchange in atomically thin clays and micas

Zou, Yichao; Mogg, Lucas; Clark, Nick; Bacaksız, Cihan; Milovanović, S. P.; Sreepal, Vishnu; Hao, Guang‐Ping; Wang, Yi‐Chi; Hopkinson, David G.; Shaw, Samuel; Novoselov, Kostya S.; Raveendran-Nair, Rahul; Peeters, F. M.; Lozada-Hidalgo, M.; Haigh, Sarah J.

doi:10.1038/s41563-021-01072-6

Cited by 56 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The twist angle not only defines the density of the localized energy favorable position 38 , but also controls the interlayer binding energy. A recent study shows that the ion diffusion in van der Waals interlayer is strongly related to the van der Waals interlayer expandability, and a higher interlayer expandability usually leads to a higher ion diffusivity 26 . Previous reports have demonstrated the angle dependence of the interlayer coupling of twisted bilayer MoS 2 31 , 34 , suggesting an angle dependence of the ion diffusion in twisted bilayer MoS 2 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bilayer system provides a platform for uniform intercalation from the top surface, and the reduced interlayer interaction in the Moiré structure allows a fast diffusion of the lithium ions. The fast ion diffusion in Moiré structure originates from the reduced interlayer binding forces 26 . Therefore, instead of the formation of distinct phase boundary, the intermediate stated can be introduced in a whole flake (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Observation of an intermediate state during lithium intercalation of twisted bilayer MoS2

Wang

et al. 2022

Nat Commun

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Lithium intercalation of MoS2 is generally believed to introduce a phase transition from H phase (semiconducting) to T phase (metallic). However, during the intercalation process, a spatially sharp boundary is usually formed between the fully intercalated T phase MoS2 and non-intercalated H phase MoS2. The intermediate state, i.e., lightly intercalated H phase MoS2 without a phase transition, is difficult to investigate by optical-microscope-based spectroscopy due to the narrow size. Here, we report the stabilization of the intermediate state across the whole flake of twisted bilayer MoS2. The twisted bilayer system allows the lithium to intercalate from the top surface and enables fast Li-ion diffusion by the reduced interlayer interaction. The E2g Raman mode of the intermediate state shows a peak splitting behavior. Our simulation results indicate that the intermediate state is stabilized by lithium-induced symmetry breaking of the H phase MoS2. Our results provide an insight into the non-uniform intercalation during battery charging and discharging, and also open a new opportunity to modulate the properties of twisted 2D systems with guest species doping in the Moiré structures.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation of an intermediate state during lithium intercalation of twisted bilayer MoS2

Wang

et al. 2022

Nat Commun

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“…These atomic scale observations have been exploited to produce membranes composed of few-layer vermiculite which demonstrate ion exchange in minutes compared to the days needed for bulk samples, suggesting their potential use for optimization of membrane applications [6]. We also observe ion exchange islands are formed in the twisted interlayer space for biotite samples [5], with potential application in novel quantum systems where the band structure is seen to depend on local phase transformations in 2D materials twisted to small angles [7].…”

mentioning

confidence: 75%

“…We found that in vermiculite clay samples, consisting of stacked 2D aluminosilicate layers, the speed of ion exchange in the 2D interlayer space is many orders of magnitude faster for few-layer thick samples than for bulk powder specimens. The greatest differences were seen for samples that consist of just 2 aluminosilicate layers (bilayers) with the interlayer diffusion rates converging to the bulk behavior for thicknesses of ~6 layers [5]. By studying >60 samples of different thickness we find a quantitative thickness dependency which can be explained by reduced cumulative interlayer forces.…”

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confidence: 81%

“…[4] I will also demonstrate how we have used a snap-shot approach and low dose STEM annular dark field and annular bright field imaging to investigate ion exchange in atomically thin clays and micas. [5] These materials are highly sensitive to electron beam effects so typically only allow 1-2 atomic resolution images to be acquired before the structure is completely destroyed. We studied large (up to 10 μm diameter) few layer flakes of vermiculite, biotite and muscovite.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Dynamic Atomic Behaviour, Ion Exchange and Chemical Synthesis Studied Using our Liquid Cell 2D Material Heterostructures and Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy

Haigh

Clark

Zou

et al. 2022

Microscopy and Microanalysis

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Ionic‐Rich Vermiculite Tailoring Dynamic Bottom‐Up Gradient for High‐Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells

Zhang,

Li,

Duan

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

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Mixed‐halide perovskites are emerging as excellent photovoltaic candidates because of their tunable bandgaps for semitransparent and tandem perovskite solar cells. However, the notorious film quality originated from the rapidly downward crystallization process susceptibly propagates enormous detrimental defects, which deteriorate the photovoltaic performance and accelerate halide segregation. To address this issue, herein, a multilayer alkalis‐intercalated‐vermiculite is employed as pre‐buried interface modifier to regulate the perovskite lattice property. The matchable lattice structure between perovskite and vermiculite by forming Pb─O bond not only releases the interfacial strain during the film growth but also the embedded alkalis ions can gradually diffuse into perovskite lattice to form a favorable vertical gradient owing to the weak interlamellar van der Waals interaction, playing bis‐roles of atomical lubricant and ion‐reservoir to eliminate detrimental defects. As a result, the film quality and lattice stability is significantly improved with suppressed phase segregation for mixed‐halide perovskites, accompanying a champion efficiency of 11.42% for carbon‐based CsPbIBr2 device, 15.25% for carbon‐based CsPbI2Br device and 23.17% for p‐i‐n inverted (Cs0.05MA0.05FA0.9)Pb(I0.93Br0.07)3 cell. This work provides a new strategy on buried interface engineering for making high‐efficiency and stable perovskite platforms.

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Ion exchange in atomically thin clays and micas

Cited by 56 publications

References 30 publications

Observation of an intermediate state during lithium intercalation of twisted bilayer MoS2

Observation of an intermediate state during lithium intercalation of twisted bilayer MoS2

Dynamic Atomic Behaviour, Ion Exchange and Chemical Synthesis Studied Using our Liquid Cell 2D Material Heterostructures and Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy

Ionic‐Rich Vermiculite Tailoring Dynamic Bottom‐Up Gradient for High‐Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells

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