Ion exchange: an advanced synthetic method for complex nanoparticles

Cho, Geonhee; Park, Yoonsu; Hong, Yun‐Kun; Ha, Don‐Hyung

doi:10.1186/s40580-019-0187-0

Cited by 67 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…Indeed, cation exchange has been applied to the syntheses of metal chalcogenides (for oxides, sulfides, selenides, and tellurides), metal pnictides (for phosphides and antimonides), and metal fluorides [29,34] . While cation exchange has proven to be a widely used method for the syntheses of novel metastable nanomaterials, there is a wide body of cation exchange literature and the topic has already been reviewed [28,29,34,35] . Therefore, we will focus on the direct syntheses of nanocrystals with metastable crystal structures and will only discuss cation exchange within the context of mechanisms of direct nanocrystal syntheses.…”

Section: Syntheses Of Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals With Metasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymorphic Metastability in Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals

Tappan

Brutchey

2020

ChemNanoMat

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Metastable polymorphs of inorganic solids often possess material properties not present in the corresponding thermodynamic polymorphs, making them targets for the development of new functional materials. In contrast with isolating metastable bulk materials, syntheses of metastable polymorphs on the nanoscale are aided by fast non‐equilibrium reaction kinetics and the favorable thermodynamic influence of surface energies, giving rise to greater ease of access to metastable high‐temperature polymorphs and, in some cases, new polymorphs that do not exist in the bulk. The syntheses of metastable semiconductor nanocrystals are of interest for their potentially unique optoelectronic and physicochemical properties. However, in many material systems, synthesizing nanocrystalline products away from thermodynamic equilibrium in a predictable manner remains an outstanding challenge. This review outlines direct synthetic methodologies that have been developed to enable control over the nucleation and growth of metastable polymorphs of semiconductor nanocrystals by tailoring reaction conditions, precursor kinetics, ligand and surface effects, and other synthetic levers. The case studies reviewed herein expound on the direct syntheses of metastable ZnSe, Cu2SnSe3, CuInSe2, Ag2Se, and AgInSe2 nanocrystals, and although there remain numerous examples of metastable nanocrystal syntheses outside of these metal chalcogenide systems, the concepts discussed are of general utility to the field of metastable nanocrystal syntheses as a whole. Explicit examples in which new functional properties are afforded by metastable polymorphs of the aforementioned material systems are presented within the context of applications for solar cells, photonics, and optical sensing. Finally, the factors that affect the kinetic persistence of metastable nanocrystalline polymorphs are discussed at length for these material systems.

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Section: Syntheses Of Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals With Metasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymorphic Metastability in Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals

Tappan

Brutchey

2020

ChemNanoMat

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“…This shift could be a result of the reduced trap density due to the passivation effect of the triethylene glycol side chains attached to the polymers. [50][51][52][53] 3 | CONCLUSION In summary, we synthesized polythiophene SCPs by the random copolymerization of two units, namely 2R-BT and TEG-T, in different ratios. In comparison with the homopolymer synthesized 2R-BT (P0), the optimized random polymer P20 was observed to exhibit increased crystal orientation randomness, denser packing, and more homogeneous surface morphology.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Moreover, the perovskite films with P10, P20, and P30 random copolymers exhibited more blue‐shifted PL emission peaks at 801 nm in comparison with the homopolymer P0 (803 nm). This shift could be a result of the reduced trap density due to the passivation effect of the triethylene glycol side chains attached to the polymers 50‐53 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Random copolymerization of polythiophene for simultaneous enhancement of in‐plane and out‐of‐plane charge transport for organic transistors and perovskite solar cells

Nketia‐Yawson

Ahn

et al. 2020

Int J Energy Res

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High-performance conjugated polymers for electronic applications can be developed by modulating an appropriate chemical structure that optimizes their crystal characteristics and charge-transport behavior. Herein, we demonstrated the simultaneous enhancement of the in-plane and out-of-plane charge transport of polythiophenes by random polymerization. We synthesized a polythiophene polymer by varying the ratio of two different dialkylsubstituted bi-thiophene and triethylene glycol-substituted mono-thiophene units; this polymer exhibited weakened orientation preferences of polymer crystallite films, a denser packing, and a more homogeneous surface morphology in comparison with its homopolymer analogue. Furthermore, this optimized random polymer afforded an enhanced in-plane mobility of 7.72 cm 2 V −1 second −1 , measured by field-effect transistor, and out-of-plane mobility of 8.86 × 10 −4 cm 2 V −1 second −1 , measured by space-charge-limitedcurrent device. These are respectively 2.4 times and 10 times higher than the mobilities of the homopolymer (field-effect mobility = 3.25 cm 2 V −1 second −1 and space-charge-limited-current mobility = 8.73 × 10 −5 cm 2 V −1 second −1). The enhanced charge transport in out-of-plane direction was also confirmed by fabricating perovskite solar cells using optimized polythiophene as a holetransporting material, which exhibited a higher efficiency of nearly 16.2% than the device with homopolymer analogue (12.0%).

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“…Ion exchange processes have been widely used for heavy metal removal for waste water treatment because of its high remedial capacity, high removal efficiency and fast kinetic [12]. It has also been revealed the importance and versatile role of ion exchange in nanotechnology, one of the prominent technologies [13]. Soil buffering capacity, fertility and physical structure of soil improved with high negative charge in soil with high CEC [14].…”

Section: The Anion H 2 Pomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, ion exchange also plays a promising role in nanotechnology by synthesizing matastable nanoparticles (NPs). Ion exchange is one of the most potent and advanced methods for the synthesis of novel NPs, heterostructures as well as thermodynamically metastable, which are limited in conventional syntheses [13]. The The application of ion exchange in geotechnical engineering is important for estimating preliminary design [31].…”

Section: Industrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion Exchange: The Most Important Chemical Reaction on Earth after Photosynthesis

Meetei

Devi

Chanu

2020

IRJPAC

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Ion exchange is the interchange of equivalent amount of ions from the solution with ions which are swarming in a boundary of charged surface in equilibrium. It is developed due to the presence of charge in the soil colloids or layer lattice clay minerals. The source of charge developed in the colloidal surface site of soil is mainly from two processes viz. isomorphous substitution and pH dependent charge. The charge can be positive or negative due to the exchange reaction in the layer lattice. The ion exchange capacity is the sum of cation exchange capacity (CEC) and anion exchange capacity (AEC). It depends on the types of soil and the amount of charge present in the layer lattice colloidal structure. With high negative charge in the lattice surface the CEC increases and with positive charge the AEC. Ions with higher charge have larger affinity to adsorbed more strongly than lower. Ion exchange capacity in soil has the ability to retained more nutrients in the form of cations or anions making available to plant for a long time which improved the fertility of soil. Leaching loss of different nutrients from the soil is reduced by holding different ions. Ion exchange processes have been widely used for heavy metal removal for waste water treatment and water purification because of its high remedial capacity, high removal efficiency and fast kinetic. Due to its applications in agriculture, environmental management, industries, waste water treatment in mining industries, laboratory, nanotechnology, geotechnical and other soil reclamation processes it is considered as the second most important reaction in the globe after photosynthesis.

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Ion exchange: an advanced synthetic method for complex nanoparticles

Cited by 67 publications

References 114 publications

Polymorphic Metastability in Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals

Polymorphic Metastability in Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals

Random copolymerization of polythiophene for simultaneous enhancement of in‐plane and out‐of‐plane charge transport for organic transistors and perovskite solar cells

Ion Exchange: The Most Important Chemical Reaction on Earth after Photosynthesis

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