Ion Exchange

Abstract

I he past year has revealed several important developments in the realm of ion exchange unit operation. These developments have included a pronounced interest in ion exchange in fields other than the classic water conditioning operations, water softening, and deionization.Of considerable interest and importance is the commercial activity in the synthesis and application of ion exchange membranes. This development may represent a revolutionary change in electrochemical operations. ANEXCELLENT review article has been prepared by Boyd (53) summarizing the newer theories of ion exchange. Cassidy (79) gave a detailed account of ion application for separation and purification processes. Several review articles have also appeared in the foreign literature ( 9

Decontamination of Liquid Radioactive Wastes Using Clay Minerals

“…The volume of literature on ion exchange has increased rapidly since 1940. This increase reached its highest value between 1950 and 1955 [13].…”

Chromatography: And Analogous Differential Migration Methods

“…The principal groups of chromatographic methods are frequently subdivided with respect to the mechanism of the sorption process-for example, adsorption at a solid-liquid interface (adsorption chromatography), adsorption at a solid-gas interface (gas chromatography) (9,64,77,110,111,181,185), adsorption at a liquid-gas interface (foam analysis) {17, 128), adsorption at a liquid-liquid interface {163), distribution between two immiscible liquids (partition chromatography) {74, 118, 163), distribution between a gas and a liquid (gas-liquid partition chromatography) (76), distribution between a chemically reactive substance and a solution (particularly, ion exchange chromatography) (90,91,118), and partition between a liquid and a resin containing the same liquid (ion exclusion chromatography) {177). This classification of the chromatographic methods is subject to great variation, not only because the mechanism of the sorption process often varies with the experimental conditions, but also because several mechanisms may be effective simultaneously.…”

Ion Exchange Membrane Purification of Organic Electrolytes

“…They are now being produced by the Rohm & Haas Co., Ionics, Inc., and the Permutit Co. Among the proposed uses are the electrolytic desalting of sea water (7, 16), preparation of free acids and bases from their salts (16), fractionation of ions (7), and as diaphragms in electrodialysis cells (1,11,16,21). These commercial possibilities were recently reviewed by Kunin and McGarvey (11).…”

“…Among the proposed uses are the electrolytic desalting of sea water (7, 16), preparation of free acids and bases from their salts (16), fractionation of ions (7), and as diaphragms in electrodialysis cells (1,11,16,21). These commercial possibilities were recently reviewed by Kunin and McGarvey (11). A demineralizing unit utilizing these membranes is already being marketed for sweetening of brackish water (7).…”