Ion conductivity of polymer electrolytes derived from poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide)

Kuribayashi, Isao; Yamashita, Masataka; Muraoka, Shigemitsu; Nagasawa, Keisaku

doi:10.1016/s0378-7753(96)02445-7

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…35 GPEs exhibit liquid-like ionic conductivity while maintaining the dimensional stability of a solid system. Various polymers, such as poly(propylene oxide), poly(ethylene imine), thio-alkane, polystyrene, poly(vinyl alcohol), 28 poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVdf), 36 poly(vinylidene carbonate), poly (acrylonitrile), 37,38 poly(vinyl chloride), 39 poly(vinyl sulfone), 40 poly(p-phenylene tereththalamide), 41 and poly(vinylpyrolidone), have been reported to form GPEs with conductivities ranging between 10 À4 and 10 À3 S cm À1 under ambient conditions. 39 The low molecular-weight organic solvents with high dielectric constants employed in GPEs are commonly referred to as plasticizers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogel-polymer electrolytes for electrochemical capacitors: an overview

Choudhury

Sampath

Shukla

2009

Energy Environ. Sci.

372

260

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Electrochemical capacitors are electrochemical devices with fast and highly reversible charge-storage and discharge capabilities. The devices are attractive for energy storage particularly in applications involving high-power requirements. Electrochemical capacitors employ two electrodes and an aqueous or a non-aqueous electrolyte, either in liquid or solid form; the latter provides the advantages of compactness, reliability, freedom from leakage of any liquid component and a large operating potential-window. One of the classes of solid electrolytes used in capacitors is polymer-based and they generally consist of dry solid-polymer electrolytes or gel-polymer electrolyte or composite-polymer electrolytes. Dry solid-polymer electrolytes suffer from poor ionic-conductivity values, between 10 À8 and 10 À7 S cm À1 under ambient conditions, but are safer than gel-polymer electrolytes that exhibit high conductivity of ca. 10 À3 S cm À1 under ambient conditions. The aforesaid polymer-based electrolytes have the advantages of a wide potential window of ca. 4 V and hence can provide high energy-density. Gel-polymer electrolytes are generally prepared using organic solvents that are environmentally malignant. Hence, replacement of organic solvents with water in gel-polymer electrolytes is desirable which also minimizes the device cost substantially. The water containing gel-polymer electrolytes, called hydrogel-polymer electrolytes, are, however, limited by a low operating potential-window of only about 1.23 V. This article reviews salient features of electrochemical capacitors employing hydrogel-polymer electrolytes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogel-polymer electrolytes for electrochemical capacitors: an overview

Choudhury

Sampath

Shukla

2009

Energy Environ. Sci.

372

260

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In 1975, Feuillade and Perche5 demonstrated the idea of plasticizing a polymer with an aprotic solution containing an alkali‐metal salt in which the organic solution of the alkali‐metal salt was trapped within the matrix of the polymer. Various polymeric hosts, such as poly(vinylidene fluoride),6 poly(vinylidene carbonate), poly(acrylonitrile),7, 8 poly(vinyl chloride),9 poly(vinyl sulfone),10 and poly( p ‐phenylene terephthalamide),11 have been found to form electrolytes with conductivities ranging from 10 −4 to 10 −3 S cm −1 at 20 °C 12. Plasticizing solvents such as ethylene carbonate (EC) and propylene carbonate (PC) have been studied a great deal not only because of their high polarity and low vapor pressure but also because of the greater plasticizing effect on the polymer host 12, 13.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid polymer electrolytes III: Preparation, characterization, and ionic conductivity of new gelled polymer electrolytes based on segmented, perfluoropolyether‐modified polyurethane

Chen

Liang

Kuo

2002

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

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New segmented polyurethanes with perfluoropolyether (PFPE) and poly-(ethylene oxide) blocks were synthesized from a fluorinated macrodiol mixed with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) in different ratios as a soft segment, 2,4-toluene diisocyanate as a hard segment, and ethylene glycol as a chain extender. Fourier transform infrared, NMR, and thermal analysis [differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)] were used to characterize the structures of these copolymers. The copolymer films were immersed in a liquid electrolyte (1 M LiClO 4 /propylene carbonate) to form gel-type electrolytes. The ionic conductivities of these polymer electrolytes were investigated through changes in the copolymer composition and content of the liquid electrolyte. The relative molar ratio of PFPE and PEG in the copolymer played an important role in the conductivity and the capacity to retain the liquid electrolyte solution. The copolymer with a 50/50 PFPE/PEG ratio, having the lowest decomposition temperature shown by TGA, exhibited the highest ionic conductivity and lowest activation energy for ion transportation. The conductivities of these systems were about 10 Ϫ3 S cm Ϫ1 at room temperature and 10 Ϫ2 S cm Ϫ1 at 70°C; the films immersed in the liquid electrolyte with an increase of 70 wt % were homogenous with good mechanical properties.

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Spontaneous formation of hierarchical proton‐conductive structures in sulfonated poly(p‐phenylene terephthalamide) copolymer films

Sisbandini

Every

Viale

et al. 2007

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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Two partially sulfonated copolymers of poly(p‐phenylene terephthalamide) were studied; the sulfonated diamine to nonsulfonated diamine ratios were x = 1 and x = 2. Polymer solutions in water demonstrated lyotropic liquid‐crystalline behavior, with the critical concentration for nematic phase formation being around 0.7 wt %. Films of these copolymers could be considered for fuel‐cell applications. The in‐plane proton conductivities were of the order of 10−3 to 10−2 S cm−1 between 20 and 90 °C. Increasing the sulfonation level resulted in a more conductive material. Spontaneous alignment of the polymer occurred during film formation, as revealed by X‐ray diffraction. Scattering along the polymer backbone was observed perpendicular to the film, implying that the polymer chains were homeotropically aligned with respect to the film. The average degree of alignment was determined to be 0.66 and 0.77 for x = 1 and x = 2, respectively. Evidence of secondary layering within the plane of the film was seen in SEM images. These layers could provide a pathway for proton conduction to occur within the plane of the film. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 666–676, 2007

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Ion conductivity of polymer electrolytes derived from poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide)

Cited by 9 publications

References 3 publications

Hydrogel-polymer electrolytes for electrochemical capacitors: an overview

Hydrogel-polymer electrolytes for electrochemical capacitors: an overview

Solid polymer electrolytes III: Preparation, characterization, and ionic conductivity of new gelled polymer electrolytes based on segmented, perfluoropolyether‐modified polyurethane

Spontaneous formation of hierarchical proton‐conductive structures in sulfonated poly(p‐phenylene terephthalamide) copolymer films

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