Ion Colliders

Abstract. We present an overview of the results obtained in pPb and PbPb collisions at the Large Hadron Collider during Run 1. We first discuss the results for global characteristics: cross sections, hadron multiplicities, azimuthal asymmetries, correlations at low transverse momentum, hadrochemistry, and femtoscopy. We then review hard and electroweak probes: particles with high transverse momentum, jets, heavy quarks, quarkonia, electroweak bosons and high transverse momentum photons, low transverse momentum photons and dileptons, and ultraperipheral collisions. We mainly focus on the experimental results, and present very briefly the main current theoretical explanations.

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“…The corresponding delivered integrated luminosities per nucleon-nucleon pair are shown in Fig. 1, taken from [34]. Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy-ion collisions at the Large Hadron Collider: A review of the results from Run 1

Armesto

Scomparin

2016

Eur. Phys. J. Plus

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“…For completeness, in Sect. 4 we also indicate how the fit quality is deteriorated when the absolute cross-section is considered (without accounting for theory uncertainties). The ranges of the three photon pseudo-rapidity bins in the CoM frame are −2.83 < η γ < −2.02, −1.84 < η γ < 0.91 and 1.09 < η γ < 1.90; the kinematic coverage in the photon transverse energy is, for each of these, 20 < E γ T < 550 GeV.…”

Section: Prompt Photon Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The parton distribution functions (PDFs) of nuclei, known as nuclear PDFs (nPDFs) [1][2][3], are essential to a variety of experimental programs that collide nuclei (or nuclei with protons) at high energies [4]. At the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), nPDFs are required as a theoretical input to the heavy ion program that aims to disentangle cold from hot nuclear matter effects, making the detailed characterisation of the latter possible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NNNPDF3.0: Evidence for a modified partonic structure in heavy nuclei

Khalek¹,

Gauld²,

Giani³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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We present an updated determination of nuclear parton distributions (nPDFs) from a global NLO QCD analysis of hard processes in fixed-target lepton-nucleus and proton-nucleus together with collider protonnucleus experiments. In addition to neutral-and charged-current deep-inelastic and Drell-Yan measurements on nuclear targets, we consider the information provided by the production of electroweak gauge bosons, isolated photons, jet pairs, and charmed mesons in proton-lead collisions at the LHC across centre-ofmass energies of 5.02 TeV (Run I) and 8.16 TeV (Run II). For the first time in a global nPDF analysis, the constraints from these various processes are accounted for both in the nuclear PDFs and in the freeproton PDF baseline. The extensive dataset underlying the nNNPDF3.0 determination, combined with its model-independent parametrisation, reveals strong evidence for nuclear-induced modifications of the partonic structure of heavy nuclei, specifically for the small-x shadowing of gluons and sea quarks, as well as the large-x anti-shadowing of gluons. As a representative phenomenological application, we provide predictions for ultra-high-energy neutrino-nucleon cross-sections, relevant for data interpretation at neutrino observatories. Our results provide key input for ongoing and future experimental programs, from that of heavy-ion collisions in controlled collider environments to the study of high-energy astrophysical processes.

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“…The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) [1][2][3][4] at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) is a circular collider that has operated successfully for almost two decades. It has two rings in a horizontal plane with two head-on beam-beam interaction points (IP6 and IP8) and four crossing points without collisions (IP2, IP4, IP10, and IP12).…”

Section: A Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable operation of a high-voltage high-current dc photoemission gun for the bunched beam electron cooler in RHIC

Gu¹,

Altinbas²,

Badea³

et al. 2020

Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams

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The Low Energy RHIC electron Cooling (LEReC) project at Brookhaven National Laboratory recently demonstrated for the first time cooling of hadron bunches with radio-frequency (rf) accelerated electron bunches. LEReC uses a high-voltage photoemission electron gun with stringent requirements for beam current, beam quality, and stability. The electron gun has a photocathode with a high-power fiber laser, and a novel cathode production, transport, and exchange system. It has been demonstrated that the high-voltage photoemission gun can continually produce a high-current electron beam with a beam quality suitable for electron cooling. We describe the operational experience with the LEReC dc photoemission gun in RHIC and discuss the important aspects needed to achieve the required beam current, beam quality, and stability.

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Ion Colliders

Cited by 6 publications

References 66 publications

Heavy-ion collisions at the Large Hadron Collider: A review of the results from Run 1

Heavy-ion collisions at the Large Hadron Collider: A review of the results from Run 1

NNNPDF3.0: Evidence for a modified partonic structure in heavy nuclei

Stable operation of a high-voltage high-current dc photoemission gun for the bunched beam electron cooler in RHIC

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