Ion beam modification of tetrahedral amorphous carbon: the effect of irradiation temperature

McCulloch, D. G.; McKenzie, David R.; Prawer, S.; Merchant, A. R.; Gerstner, Ed; Kalish, R.

doi:10.1016/s0925-9635(97)00033-2

Cited by 35 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Structural transformations in DLC by means of ion irradiation at elevated temperatures have been reported by McCulloch and coworkers [3]. However, it was not intensively studied how RT-implantations with heavy ions could induce similar structural modifications.…”

Section: Raman Spectra Of Rt-implanted Dlcmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In particular, the electrical conductivity of the film areas that are irradiated increases by several orders of magnitude. Ion implantation in DLC films has been studied intensively during the 80s and 90s of the last century due to the unique transition of a high-resistivity sp 3 a conducting sp 2 -hybridized material [1][2][3][4][5]. Recent work [6,7] provides further information on the properties of ion-irradiated DLC but the fundamental mechanisms behind the phase transformation were not extensively studied and are not well understood yet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, significant changes in the film microstructure, such as the clustering of the sp 2 phase, were also revealed by Raman spectroscopy. McCulloch et al [3] noted that the electrical properties are mostly independent of the size of graphite-like clusters. This is surprising due to the strong influence of the microstructure on the electronic structure of amorphous carbons (a-Cs), as reported elsewhere [8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The origin of conductivity in ion-irradiated diamond-like carbon – Phase transformation and atomic ordering

Philipp

Bischoff

Treske

et al. 2014

Carbon

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Section: Raman Spectra Of Rt-implanted Dlcmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The origin of conductivity in ion-irradiated diamond-like carbon – Phase transformation and atomic ordering

Philipp

Bischoff

Treske

et al. 2014

Carbon

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“…There are some experimental techniques for characterization of DLC, for example, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high resolution nuclear magnetic resolution (NMR), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Auger spectroscopy, etc. It also has been reported that by either thermal activation 17,18 or low energetic ion irradiations, 19 the structure of the metastable DLC materials will convert some sp 3 bonds to sp 2 bonds towards graphite-like carbon. 11 Thus a fundamental understanding of carbon hybridization under low energetic carbon atom bombardments is of great interest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conditions for forming composite carbon nanotube-diamond like carbon material that retain the good properties of both materials

Ren

Iyer

Koskinen

et al. 2015

Journal of Applied Physics

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Gold nanoparticle formation in diamond-like carbon using two different methods: Gold ion implantation and codeposition of gold and carbon J. Appl. Phys. 112, 074312 (2012) Carbon nanotubes are of wide interest due to their excellent properties such as tensile strength and electrical and thermal conductivity, but are not, when placed alone on a substrate, well resistant to mechanical wear. Diamond-like carbon (DLC), on the other hand, is widely used in applications due to its very good wear resistance. Combining the two materials could provide a very durable pure carbon nanomaterial enabling to benefit from the best properties of both carbon allotropes. However, the synthesis of high-quality diamond-like carbon uses energetic plasmas, which can damage the nanotubes. From previous works it is neither clear whether the quality of the tubes remains good after DLC deposition, nor whether the DLC above the tubes retains the high sp 3 bonding fraction. In this work, we use experiments and classical molecular dynamics simulations to study the mechanisms of DLC formation on various carbon nanotube compositions. The results show that high-sp 3 -content DLC can be formed provided the deposition conditions allow for sidewards pressure to form from a substrate close beneath the tubes. Under optimal DLC formation energies of around 40-70 eV, the top two nanotube atom layers are fully destroyed by the plasma deposition, but layers below this can retain their structural integrity. V C 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.

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“…It is well known that electron beam damage can affect the sp2/ sp3 bonding ratio within carbon species [16,[18][19][20]. To ensure that this was not taking place, a damage series was performed on a separate sample of the tribofilm.…”

Section: Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy [Eels]mentioning

confidence: 99%

The composition of tribofilms produced on metal-on-metal hip bearings

et al. 2014

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Following wear testing in a hip simulator, the bearing surfaces of 36 mm metal on metal total hip replacements showed the formation of tribochemical layers. These layers were investigated in a transmission electron microscope, and analysis was performed using electron energy loss spectroscopy, energy dispersive x-rays and selected area electron diffraction. The tribofilm formed at the edge of the wear scar was 100 s of nanometres thick and contained cobalt sulphide particles embedded within. The film itself was rich in carbon, and appeared to contain no long range graphitic ordering when analysed with electron energy loss spectroscopy, and the spectra gathered from the tribofilm closely resembled those collected from amorphous carbon. The location at which the most substantial tribological layers formed may be explained by the formation of a blunt wedge at the edge of the wear scar following conformal changes to the bearing surfaces.

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Ion beam modification of tetrahedral amorphous carbon: the effect of irradiation temperature

Cited by 35 publications

References 26 publications

The origin of conductivity in ion-irradiated diamond-like carbon – Phase transformation and atomic ordering

The origin of conductivity in ion-irradiated diamond-like carbon – Phase transformation and atomic ordering

Conditions for forming composite carbon nanotube-diamond like carbon material that retain the good properties of both materials

The composition of tribofilms produced on metal-on-metal hip bearings

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