Ion beam mixing of Co/Fe multilayers: Magnetic and structural properties

Zhang, K.; Lieb, Klaus‐Peter; Marszałek, M.; Milinović, V.; Tokman, V.

doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2005.12.238

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…low-dose regime for the capped samples cannot be explained by considering the effect of direct Ga + implantation or irradiation induced damage described in early high-dose work [6][7][8][9][10][11] as this would also result in changes in the uncapped samples. It is also worth noting that using either a 28 pA or 460 pA beam current for the irradiation makes no significant difference to the observed behaviour (figure 2) suggesting that the rate of irradiation which could lead to differences based on sample heating [29,30] is also not an important parameter. Therefore the magnetization behavior observed in figure 2 must arise from a different physical process with the energy or momentum supplied by the irradiation a key parameter.…”

Section: Mokementioning

confidence: 87%

Focused-ion-beam induced interfacial intermixing of magnetic bilayers for nanoscale control of magnetic properties

Burn

Hase

Atkinson

2014

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

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Modification of the magnetic properties in a thin-film ferromagnetic/non-magnetic bilayer system by low-dose focused ion-beam (FIB) induced intermixing is demonstrated. The highly localized capability of FIB may be used to locally control magnetic behaviour at the nanoscale. The magnetic, electronic and structural properties of NiFe/Au bilayers were investigated as a function of the interfacial structure that was actively modified using focused Ga + ion irradiation. Experimental work used MOKE, SQUID, XMCD as well as magnetoresistance measurements to determine the magnetic behavior and grazing incidence x-ray reflectivity to elucidate the interfacial structure. Interfacial intermixing, induced by low-dose irradiation, is shown to lead to complex changes in the magnetic behavior that are associated with monotonic structural evolution of the interface. This behavior may be explained by changes in the local atomic environment within the interface region resulting in a combination of processes including the loss of moment on Ni and Fe, an induced moment on Au and modifications to the spin-orbit coupling between Au and NiFe.

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Section: Mokementioning

confidence: 87%

Focused-ion-beam induced interfacial intermixing of magnetic bilayers for nanoscale control of magnetic properties

Burn

Hase

Atkinson

2014

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

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“…In addition to these a few other multilayered films were also studied such as Multilayers of 9 binary metal systems: A1-Ta, A1-Mo, Cu-Zr, Ag-Cr, Cu-W, Ag-Nb, Au-Ru, Au-W, Cu-Os [464], Al/Fe [465], Fe-Ti [466], Al-Fe [467], Cu/W [468], Co/Ag [469,470], Co/Fe [471].…”

Section: Metal/metalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion beam induced surface and interface engineering

Jain

Agarwal

2011

Surface Science Reports

252

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“…18,19 The pioneering work of Chappert et al 20 on the Co=Pt magnetic systems stimulated numerous studies focused on the influence of the ion irradiation and implantation on the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) systems. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] In-plane magnetic systems, such as Permalloy (nominal composition Ni 80 Fe 20 ), have also attracted interest, and some similar studies have been conducted on those systems. [37][38][39] Energy transfer from the incident ions can cause atomic displacements of target atoms, leading to intermixing across the interface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of focused-ion-beam–induced structural and compositional modifications in nanoscale bilayer systems by combined grazing incidence x ray reflectivity and fluorescence

Arac

Burn

Eastwood

et al. 2012

Journal of Applied Physics

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2012) 'Study of focused-ion-beaminduced structural and compositional modications in nanoscale bilayer systems by combined grazing incidence x ray reectivity and uorescence.', Journal of applied physics., 111 (4). 044324.Further information on publisher's website: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. A detailed analysis of the structural and compositional changes in NiFe=Au bilayers induced by a focused ion beam (FIB) is presented. NiFe=Au bilayers with different thickness were irradiated with a focused 30 keV Ga þ ion beam, and the evaluation of the individual layers and interfaces were investigated systematically as a function of a broad range of irradiation fluence using grazing incidence x ray reflectivity (GIXRR) and angular dependent x ray fluorescence (ADXRF) techniques carried out at synchrotron radiation sources. Experimental data were collected from 1.3 mm Â 4.5 mm structures, and irradiation of such a broad areas with a 100-nm-wide focused ion beam is a challenging task. Two irradiation regimes were identified: For Ga þ fluences < 15.6 Â 10 14 ion=cm 2 (low dose regime), the main influence of the focused ion beam is on the interface and, beyond this dose (high dose regime), sputtering effects and ion implantation becomes significant, eventually causing amorphization of the bilayer system. The broadening of the NiFe=Au interface occurs even at the lowest dose, and above a critical fluence (U ¼ 1.56 Â 10 14 ion=cm 2 ) can be represented by an interfacial-intermixed layer (Ni x Fe y Au (1-x-y) ; x ¼ 0.5-0.6, y ¼ 0.1-0.15) formed between the NiFe and Au layers. The thickness of this layer increases with irradiation fluence in the low dose regime. A linear relationship is found between the squared intermixing length and irradiation fluence, indicating that FIB-induced mixing is diffusion controlled. The ballistic model fails to describe FIB-induced intermixing, indicating that thermodynamical factors, which might be originated from FIB specific features, should be taken into account. Despite the complexity of the chemical and structural formation, good agreement between the experiment and theory highlights the functionality of the combined GIXRR and ADXRF techniques for studying intermixing in high resolution. V C 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx

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Ion beam mixing of Co/Fe multilayers: Magnetic and structural properties

Cited by 7 publications

References 15 publications

Focused-ion-beam induced interfacial intermixing of magnetic bilayers for nanoscale control of magnetic properties

Focused-ion-beam induced interfacial intermixing of magnetic bilayers for nanoscale control of magnetic properties

Ion beam induced surface and interface engineering

Study of focused-ion-beam–induced structural and compositional modifications in nanoscale bilayer systems by combined grazing incidence x ray reflectivity and fluorescence

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