Ion beam energy dependence of surface and structural properties of amorphous carbon films deposited by IBSD method on Ni–Cu alloy

Mohagheghpour, Elham; Rajabi, M.; Gholamipour, Reza; Larijani, M. M.; Sheibani, Shahab

doi:10.1557/jmr.2017.43

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Although polyamides are widely used in their application, only little research has been done on surface modification with such coatings [ 17 ]. The films deposited mainly consist of carbon and contain sp 2 (π and σ) and sp 3 bonding sites with hydrogen incorporated in the network [ 11 , 18 , 19 ]. Depending on the dominant bond, such layers can have diamond-like properties (high hardness, chemical inertness, high electrical resistance) for a low sp 2 /sp 3 ratio or more graphite-like characteristics (softer layer, improved electrical conductivity) if the sp 2 /sp 3 ratio is increased [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depending on the dominant bond, such layers can have diamond-like properties (high hardness, chemical inertness, high electrical resistance) for a low sp 2 /sp 3 ratio or more graphite-like characteristics (softer layer, improved electrical conductivity) if the sp 2 /sp 3 ratio is increased [ 20 ]. Which bonding site dominates can be controlled with the help of a few parameters such as the plasma conditions, precursor gas, amount of hydrogen [ 11 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ], or the layer thickness itself [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. It should also be noted that this change in the chemical composition of the coating has a direct influence on the wettability of the surface [ 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasma Supported Deposition of Amorphous Hydrogenated Carbon (a-C:H) on Polyamide 6: Determining Interlayer Completion and Dehydrogenation Effects during Layer Growth

et al. 2021

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Polyamide 6 (PA6) is a commonly used material in many different sectors of modern industry. Herein, PA6 samples were coated with amorphous carbon layers (a-C:H) with increasing thickness up to 2 µm using radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition for surface adjustment. The morphology of the carbon coatings was inspected by ex situ atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Surface wettability was checked by contact angle measurements. The chemical composition was analyzed using the surface sensitive synchrotron X-ray-based techniques near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, supported by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy. Particular attention was paid to the coating interval from 0 to 100 nm, to specify the interlayer thickness between the PA6 polymer and a-C:H coating, and the region between 1000 and 2000 nm, where dehydrogenation of the a-C:H layer occurs. The interlayer is decisive for the linkage of the deposited carbon layer on the polymer: the more pronounced it is, the better the adhesion. The thickness of the interlayer could be narrowed down to 40 nm in all used methods, and the dehydrogenation process takes place at a layer thickness of 1500 nm.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Supported Deposition of Amorphous Hydrogenated Carbon (a-C:H) on Polyamide 6: Determining Interlayer Completion and Dehydrogenation Effects during Layer Growth

et al. 2021

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“…The properties of the resulting layers strongly depend on this sp 2 to sp 3 ratio and hydrogen (H) content. This ratio as well as the H-content can be adjusted by the chosen plasma parameters [5,[8][9][10]. Another possibility is the variation of the layer thickness keeping constant plasma parameters [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refinement of Sustainable Polybutylene Adipate Terephthalate (PBAT) with Amorphous Hydrogenated Carbon Films (a-C:H) Revealing Film Instabilities Influenced by a Thickness-Dependent Change of sp2/sp3 Ratio

et al. 2020

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The increasing use of polymers is related to a growing disposal problem. Switching to biodegradable polymers such as polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) is a feasible possibility, but after industrial production of commercially available material PBAT is not suitable for every application. Therefore, surface refinements with amorphous hydrogenated carbon films (a-C:H) produced by plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition (PE-CVD) changing the top layer characteristics are used. Here, 50 µm-thick PBAT films are coated with a-C:H layers up to 500 nm in 50 nm steps. The top surface sp2/sp3 bonding ratios are analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) both synchrotron-based. In addition, measurements using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFT) were performed for detailed chemical composition. Surface topography was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the surface wettability by contact angle measurements. With increasing a-C:H layer thickness not only does the topography change but also the sp2 to sp3 ratio, which in combination indicates internal stress-induced phenomena. The results obtained provide a more detailed understanding of the mostly inorganic a-C:H coatings on the biodegradable organic polymer PBAT via in situ growth and stepwise height-dependent analysis.

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“…Here, the sp 3 matrix of carbon and hydrogen contains small sp 2 clusters limited to short chains [ 8 , 9 , 17 , 18 ]. Not only the plasma parameters during the coating process, but also the thickness of the coating itself determine the bonding ratio of the carbon atoms (sp 2 -to-sp 3 ratio) and thus, together with the hydrogen content, the chemical composition of the coating [ 9 , 11 , 13 , 16 , 18 ]. This allows the physical properties to be controlled and adjusted to desired specifications (e.g., inertness, hardness, friction, durability) [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing the Influence of Residual Stress on Composite Materials Made of Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and Amorphous Hydrogenated Carbon (a-C:H) Layers: Differences Caused by Single Side and Full Substrate Film Attachment during Plasma Coating

et al. 2021

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Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a bio-based, biodegradable and commercially used polymer, which in its native form is unfortunately not generally applicable. A widely used technique to adapt polymers to a wider range of applications is the surface modification with amorphous hydrogenated carbon (a-C:H) layers, realized by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PE-CVD). However, this process creates intrinsic stress in the layer–polymer system which can even lead to full layer failure. The aim of this study was to investigate how the carbon layer is affected when the basic polymer film to be coated can follow the stress and bend (single side attachment) and when it cannot do so because it is firmly clamped (full attachment). For both attachment methods, the a-C:H layers were simultaneously deposited on PHB samples. Ex-situ characterization was performed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) for surface morphology and contact angle (CA) measurements for wettability. In addition, the stress prevailing in the layer was calculated using the Stoney equation. Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFT) measurements were used to investigate the chemical composition of the coating surface.

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Ion beam energy dependence of surface and structural properties of amorphous carbon films deposited by IBSD method on Ni–Cu alloy

Abstract: Abstract

Cited by 11 publications

References 34 publications

Plasma Supported Deposition of Amorphous Hydrogenated Carbon (a-C:H) on Polyamide 6: Determining Interlayer Completion and Dehydrogenation Effects during Layer Growth

Plasma Supported Deposition of Amorphous Hydrogenated Carbon (a-C:H) on Polyamide 6: Determining Interlayer Completion and Dehydrogenation Effects during Layer Growth

Refinement of Sustainable Polybutylene Adipate Terephthalate (PBAT) with Amorphous Hydrogenated Carbon Films (a-C:H) Revealing Film Instabilities Influenced by a Thickness-Dependent Change of sp2/sp3 Ratio

Comparing the Influence of Residual Stress on Composite Materials Made of Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and Amorphous Hydrogenated Carbon (a-C:H) Layers: Differences Caused by Single Side and Full Substrate Film Attachment during Plasma Coating

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