Iodine status, impact of knowledge, and practice for adequate iodized salt utilization in house hold at North West Ethiopia

Molla, Alebechaw; Giza, Mastewal; Kebede, Fassikaw; Kebede, Tesfaye

doi:10.1177/20503121221148612

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The odds of the utilization of inadequately iodized salt among respondents with poor knowledge were 2.29 times higher than respondents with good knowledge. This finding was supported by another study done in Dire Dawa city and North west Ethiopia [ 39 , 43 , 46 ]. It was also supported by a study conducted in Bangladesh [ 48 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…In this study prevalence of inadequately iodized salt utilization was higher when compared to a study in Arsi at 8.2% [ 32 ]. This study was lower when compared to Tigray northern and western Ethiopia 44.6-82.5% [ 23 , 37 – 39 ], Gambela 47.2% [ 40 ], Lalo Assabi district in West Ethiopia 92.3% [ 24 ], Jimma 73.8% [ 25 ], and Amhara regions 85% [ 26 ]. This might be due to the fact that a study area Addis Ababa was better socioeconomic status and also this might be due to the availability & accessibility of iodized salt in the market, legislation & policies to fortify salt with iodine, regular follow up & monitoring regarding utilization of iodized salt in this study area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nearly one-in-five households utilized inadequate iodized salt in Nifas Silk Sub-City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Mezgebu,

Enyew,

Tefera

et al. 2023

BMC Nutr

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Background There is no country in the developing world where iodine deficiency is not a public health problem including Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess inadequate utilization of iodized salt and associated factors at household level in woreda 11 Nifas Silk Sub-city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted with multistage sampling technique on 348 household respondents. The data were collected using interviewer-administered structured questionnaires and an iodine rapid test kit. The data were edited, cleaned, and entered using Epi-data version 4.6.2 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. A multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to identify associated factors for inadequate utilization of iodized salt. The statistical significance was declared at a p-value of less than 0.05 with 95% confidence interval. Results A total of 348 household respondents were participated. The amount of iodine content in salt 0 ppm, < 15ppm and > 15ppm were 11.8%, 7.2% and 81.0% respectively. Total inadequate utilization of iodized salt was 19%. Using unpacked salt [AOR; 0.50 (95%CI: 0.27, 0.93)], using a container without a lid [AOR; 0.29 (95%CI: 013, 0.63)], and having insufficient knowledge [AOR; 2.10 (95%CI: 1.14, 3.86)] were all significantly connected with using inadequate iodized salt. Conclusions Iodized salt utilization was inadequate. Using containers without a lid, unpacked salt, and poor knowledge were associated factors. There should be a provision of adequate knowledge about iodized salt, a proper storage and handling.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nearly one-in-five households utilized inadequate iodized salt in Nifas Silk Sub-City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Mezgebu,

Enyew,

Tefera

et al. 2023

BMC Nutr

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“…This hospital has two main ICUs for adults and pediatrics in different rooms and an open ICU system run under the Department of Internal Medicine. 9 , 21 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and Predictors of Inpatient Mortality Rate After Cases Started Care in the Intensive Care Unit in Debre Markos Referral Hospital

Shumet,

Kebede

2023

Health Services Research and Managerial Epidemiology

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Background The intensive care unit (ICU) is a separate area in which potential health care services for patients who are in critical condition with detailed observation, monitoring, and advanced treatment than other units. This study aimed to assess the incidence and predictors of inpatient mortality after inpatient treatment was started in Debre Markos Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Methods A facility-based retrospective cohort study was employed among 384 ICU-admitted patients from December 30, 2020 to January 1, 2022. The collected data were entered into Epi Data version 4.2 and exported to STATA 14.0 for further analysis. The Cox proportional hazard regression model was fitted after checking using the Schoenfeld residual and log-log plot test. A categorical variable with an adjusted hazard ratio of 95% CI was claimed for predictors. Result Overall, 384 admitted adult patients were included in the final analysis with a mean (±SD) age of 42.1 (±17.1) years. At the end of the follow-up period, 150 (39.06%) cases died in the ICU. The overall incidence of the mortality rate was 16.9 (95% CI: 13.7-19.55) per 100 person per day. Epidemiologically, 347 (90.36%) cases were medical illness, 25 (6.51%) surgical, and 12 (3.13%) were obstetric cases, respectively. The median length of inpatient stay was found to be 4.9 (IQR ± 2.8) days. In multivariable analysis; being (+) for human immunodeficiency virus (AHR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.39-0.91), age ≥65yearas (AHR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.11-2.32), and admission on weekend-time (AHR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.06-2.06) were predictors of inpatient death. Conclusion The overall in-hospital mortality rate was significantly higher than in the previous study in this hospital with a short median survival time. The inpatient mortality rate was significantly associated with age ≥65 years, being HIV positive, and admission during weekend time. Therefore, effective intervention strategies should be highly needed for ICU team members for early risk factors prevention.

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Individual- and community-level factors associated with the presence of adequate iodized salt in households in Bangladesh: a multilevel modelling approach

Haq,

Hossain,

Rukon

et al. 2024

International Health

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Background The aim of this study is to estimate the factors at both the individual and community levels related to the adequacy of iodized salt in households in Bangladesh. Methods For this study we utilized the 2019 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey data. A total of 61 242 households were chosen as samples from Bangladesh. In our study of socio-economic disparities, we applied a concentration indexing method. To identify the factors associated with the adequacy of iodine in salt at both the individual and community levels, we employed multilevel logistic regression. Aside from the multilevel regression used in the study, we also applied spatial analysis. Results The results indicated that the prevalence of iodine adequacy in household salt was found to be 57.8% (95% confidence interval 57.4 to 58.2). Rural areas have a higher concentration of iodine than urban areas. According to the multilevel model, younger women (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.70), Muslim women (aOR 0.89), illiterate women (aOR 0.80) and those from poor households (aOR 0.33) were found to be less likely to consume iodine in concentrated salt compared with their counterparts. Disabled women and those with low media exposure have a lower likelihood of iodine adequacy in salt compared to their reference group. Furthermore, households in urban areas exhibited higher odds of having iodine adequacy in salt compared with households in rural areas. Barisal, Chattogram, Dhaka, Khulna, Mymensingh, Rajshahi and Rangpur Divisions have lower iodine adequacy in salt compared with Sylhet Division. Conclusions The findings reveal that religion, physical disability and exposure to media exert an equal influence on the presence of iodized salt intake. Moreover, women's age, wealth status, education level and the educational background of the household head positively contribute to the adequacy of iodine in household salt. In light of these results, policymakers are advised to prioritize efforts aimed at enhancing iodine concentration, with a particular focus on mass media advertising, especially in rural areas (excluding Sylhet Division).

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Iodine status, impact of knowledge, and practice for adequate iodized salt utilization in house hold at North West Ethiopia

Cited by 3 publications

References 29 publications

Nearly one-in-five households utilized inadequate iodized salt in Nifas Silk Sub-City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Nearly one-in-five households utilized inadequate iodized salt in Nifas Silk Sub-City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Incidence and Predictors of Inpatient Mortality Rate After Cases Started Care in the Intensive Care Unit in Debre Markos Referral Hospital

Individual- and community-level factors associated with the presence of adequate iodized salt in households in Bangladesh: a multilevel modelling approach

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