Iodine in terrestrial wildlife on the U.S. department of energy's Hanford Site in southcentral Washington

Rickard, W.H.; Price, Kelly

doi:10.1007/bf00394175

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…These observations agree with Johnson (2003), who identified that soil texture affects I enrichment in soils and that soils with high sand ratios have lower I concentrations, whereas organic-rich soils can retain higher I concentrations (Humphrey et al, 2020). Rickard and Price (1984) reported that soils at high elevations have greater concentrations of I than low elevations soils. Within the prediction area there is good general agreement between I and elevation (r = 0.47, p < 0.01).…”

Section: Iodinesupporting

confidence: 91%

Predictive Geochemical Mapping Using Machine Learning in Western Kenya

et al. 2022

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Section: Iodinesupporting

confidence: 91%

Predictive Geochemical Mapping Using Machine Learning in Western Kenya

et al. 2022

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“…Following World War II and the advent of the nuclear age, the black-tailed jackrabbit was frequently used as a bioindicator for the uptake of radioactive elements, principally iodine (I 131 , I 129 ), cesium (Cs 137 ), and strontium (Sr 89 , Sr 90 ) (Hayden 1962, Turner et al 1966, Rickard and Price 1984, Fitzner and Gray 1991.…”

Section: Jackrabbits and Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black-Tailed and White-Tailed Jackrabbits in the American West: History, Ecology, Ecological Significance, and Survey Methods

Simes

Longshore

Nussear

et al. 2015

Western North American Naturalist

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Across the western United States, Leporidae are the most important prey item in the diet of Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos). Leporids inhabiting the western United States include black-tailed (Lepus californicus) and white-tailed jackrabbits (Lepus townsendii) and various species of cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus spp.). Jackrabbits (Lepus spp.) are particularly important components of the ecological and economic landscape of western North America because their abundance influences the reproductive success and population trends of predators such as coyotes (Canis latrans), bobcats (Lynx rufus), and a number of raptor species. Here, we review literature pertaining to black-tailed and white-tailed jackrabbits comprising over 170 published journal articles, notes, technical reports, conference proceedings, academic theses and dissertations, and other sources dating from the late 19th century to the present. Our goal is to present information to assist those in research and management, particularly with regard to protected raptor species (e.g., Golden Eagles), mammalian predators, and ecological monitoring. We classified literature sources as (1) general information on jackrabbit species, (2) black-tailed or (3) white-tailed jackrabbit ecology and natural history, or (4) survey methods. These categories, especially 2, 3, and 4, were further subdivided as appropriate. The review also produced several tables on population trends, food habits, densities within various habitats, and jackrabbit growth and development. Black-tailed and white-tailed jackrabbits are ecologically similar in general behaviors, use of forms, parasites, and food habits, and they are prey to similar predators; but they differ in their preferred habitats. While the black-tailed jackrabbit inhabits agricultural land, deserts, and shrublands, the white-tailed jackrabbit is associated with prairies, alpine tundra, and sagebrush-steppe. Frequently considered abundant, jackrabbit numbers in western North America fluctuate temporally and spatially. We also reviewed methods used to investigate jackrabbit populations, including spotlight line transects, flushing transects, drive counts, pellet plot counts, collections, roadside counts, mark-recapture studies, and radio-telemetry studies. Our review of jackrabbit literature illustrates a number of deficiencies in our understanding of jackrabbits in general. As an example, a detailed quantitative description of habitat preferences is lacking, as is a thorough understanding of sympatric jackrabbit species interactions. Even the existence of the oft-cited jackrabbit "cycle" is a matter of debate. Survey methods generally do not address efficacy or accuracy in measuring jackrabbit density or abundance. In addition, there is a paucity of information about jackrabbits in the Mojave Desert, with no real understanding of home ranges, habitat preferences, and population dynamics or demographics in this region.

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“…Iodine-129, however, is a persistent and mobile radionuclide with an exceedingly long half-life. Rickard and Price (1984) reviewed the environmental significance of iodine at Hanford and reported concentrations of '"I in Hanford deer thyroids in 1983 ranging from 19 to 51 pCi/g. The estimated dose of a 1.8-g thyroid with an effective radius of 1.4 cm is 0.16 urad/d or 57 rad/year based on 5 1 PCi /g (Baker and Soldat 1992).…”

Section: Strontium-90mentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of anatomical anomalies in Hanford Site mule deer

Tiller¹,

Cadwell²,

Poston³

1997

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Portions of this document may be illegible in electronic image produck Images are produced from the best available original document. Executive SummaryRocky Mountain mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus), common residents of the Hanford Site, are an important part of the shrub-steppe ecosystem as well as being valued for aesthetics and hunting. Because mule deer have been protected from hunting on the Site for 50 years, the herd has developed unique population characteristics, including a large number of old animals and males with either large or atypically developed antlers, in contrast to other herds in the semi-arid regions of the Northwest.Hanford Site mule deer have been studied since 1991 because of the herd's unique nature and high degree of public interest. A special study of the mule deer herd was initiated in 1993 after observations were made of a relatively large number of male deer with atypical, velvet-covered antlers. This report specifically describes our analyses of adult male deer found on the Site with atypical antlers. The report includes estimates of population densities and composition; home ranges, habitat uses, and dietary habits; natural and human-induced causes of mortality; and the herd's overall health and reproductive status.Examinations of adult male deer exhibiting unusually shaped, velvet-covered antlers were found to have permanently infertile, atrophied (shrunken as opposed to incompletely developed) testicles. The frequency of affected deer observed on Hanford was highly correlated to the frequency of older-aged animals found onsite and was difficult to compare with other more heavily hunted populations. Morphologic, physiologic, and clinical and pathological results showed essentially normal findings, but indicated the causative agent(s) act directly on testicular tissues. Figure S.1 shows a logistical flow diagram for potential causative factors responsible for deer exhibiting unusuaIly shaped, velvet-covered antlers. Radiation, natural aging, infectious agents, and genetic factors were ruled out as primary potential causes. Other factors ruled out as likely causative agents that could warrant further field investigations were thermal stress, nutritional stress, plant estrogens, heavy metals, and herbicides/ pesticides/insectides (Hanford and/or adjacent agricultural areas). Essentially no data were gathered to examine plant or fungal toxins, which could be causative agents.Population-level results indicated that the Hanford Site herd contained a relatively large proportion of male deer, primarily as a result of the lack of hunting pressure and mild winters. Fawn production on Hanford was low. Deer were most abundant along the Columbia River (approximately 330 animals) and on the western portions of the FitznerEberhardt Arid Lands Ecology (ALE) Reserve and were lowest on the 200 Area plateau to the southern border and the eastern portions of ALE. Deer diets and movements indicated a high dependency on riverine habitat, sagebrush, and the sand dunes habitat. The data also sh...

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Iodine in terrestrial wildlife on the U.S. department of energy's Hanford Site in southcentral Washington

Cited by 11 publications

References 14 publications

Predictive Geochemical Mapping Using Machine Learning in Western Kenya

Predictive Geochemical Mapping Using Machine Learning in Western Kenya

Black-Tailed and White-Tailed Jackrabbits in the American West: History, Ecology, Ecological Significance, and Survey Methods

Investigation of anatomical anomalies in Hanford Site mule deer

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