Iodine in Evolution of Salivary Glands and in Oral Health

Venturi, S.; Venturi, Michela

doi:10.1177/026010600902000204

Cited by 69 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(48 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Other anions, such as perrhenate (ReO 4 − ) (5) and the environmental pollutant perchlorate (ClO 4 − ) (6), are also transported by NIS, but, surprisingly, with an electroneutral (1 Na + : 1 anion) stoichiometry. Besides the thyroid, NIS mediates active I − transport in several other tissues, including the lactating breast (7), salivary glands (7,8), stomach (9), and small intestine (10,11). The function of NIS appears to be an evolutionary adaptation to the scant amount of I − in the environment (12,13).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Na ⁺ coordination at the Na2 site of the Na ⁺ /I ⁻ symporter

Ferrandino

Nicola

Sánchez

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) mediates active I− transport in the thyroid—the first step in thyroid hormone biosynthesis—with a 2 Na+: 1 I− stoichiometry. The two Na+ binding sites (Na1 and Na2) and the I− binding site interact allosterically: when Na+ binds to a Na+ site, the affinity of NIS for the other Na+ and for I− increases significantly. In all Na+-dependent transporters with the same fold as NIS, the side chains of two residues, S353 and T354 (NIS numbering), were identified as the Na+ ligands at Na2. To understand the cooperativity between the substrates, we investigated the coordination at the Na2 site. We determined that four other residues—S66, D191, Q194, and Q263—are also involved in Na+ coordination at this site. Experiments in whole cells demonstrated that these four residues participate in transport by NIS: mutations at these positions result in proteins that, although expressed at the plasma membrane, transport little or no I−. These residues are conserved throughout the entire SLC5 family, to which NIS belongs, suggesting that they serve a similar function in the other transporters. Our findings also suggest that the increase in affinity that each site displays when an ion binds to another site may result from changes in the dynamics of the transporter. These mechanistic insights deepen our understanding not only of NIS but also of other transporters, including many that, like NIS, are of great medical relevance.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Na ⁺ coordination at the Na2 site of the Na ⁺ /I ⁻ symporter

Ferrandino

Nicola

Sánchez

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There is substantial evidence that iodine deficiency is a modifiable risk factor in cancers of the stomach and breast and possibly many other organs. Total iodine content of the body is estimated at 25 mg to 50 mg, with 50%-70% of that found in extrathyroidal tissues [3]. Systemic absorption of iodine takes place in the small intestine, where it is absorbed and transported into the bloodstream primarily as iodide (I -).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iodine Deficieency and Its Proliferation in Cancer Increase

Emmanuel¹,

Oliver²,

Angela³

2016

AJLSR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Iodine is an essential element in human physiology. It's well known to play vital role in thyroid functions. However it has been updated to be the most important element with the highest percentage of demand by the human body. This is because iodine is the heaviest and richest in electrons among required elements in the animal diet. Inorganic iodides are necessary for all living vegetable and animal cells, but only the vertebrates have the thyroid gland and its iodinated hormones. In humans, the total amount of iodine is about 30-50 mg and less than 30% is present in thyroid gland and its hormones. About 60-80% of total iodine is non-hormonal as contained in its extrathyroidal tissues. Dietary iodine deficiency is associated with the development of mammary pathology and cancer. Mammary gland embryogenetically derived from primitive iodide-concentrating ectoderma, and alveolar and ductular cells of the breast specialize in uptake and secretion of iodine in milk in order to supply offsrings with this important trace-element. Breast and thyroid share an important iodide-concentrating ability and an efficient peroxidase activity, which transfers electrons from iodides to the oxygen of hydrogen peroxide, forming iodoproteins and iodolipids, and so protect the cells from peroxidative damage. Thyroid nodules are a common clinical problem, and differentiated thyroid cancer is becoming increasingly prevalent. The aim of these guidelines is to inform clinicians, patients, researchers, and health policy makers on published evidence relating to the diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer.

show abstract

“…EGF binding to the EGF receptor (EGFR) on cell surfaces regulates epithelial cell proliferation, adhesion/migration, and survival. EGF has been shown to protect gastric mucosa from various intraluminal injurious factors, such as gastric acid and pepsin (3,4). Of interest, no EGF mRNA or protein has been found in healthy gastric tissues (5,6).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%