Iodine-doped sulfurized polyacrylonitrile with enhanced electrochemical performance for room-temperature sodium/potassium sulfur batteries

Ma, Shengqian; Zuo, Pengjian; Zhang, Han; Yu, Zhenjiang; Cui, Can; He, Meizi; Yin, Geping

doi:10.1039/c9cc01612k

Cited by 90 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The obtainable capacity and the cycling life of a sulfurized PAN cathode was found to be improved by doping a small amount of iodine (2 wt%). [ 97 ] A reversible capacity of 950 mAh g sulfur −1 was obtained with 74.7% of this remaining at 100 cycles. The underlying reason for the improvement was proposed to be ascribed with the higher electrical conductivity of the composite due to the organic potassium iodide products.…”

Section: Sulfur‐based Cathode Architecturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Emerging Potassium–Sulfur Batteries

et al. 2020

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This is the first review on potassium–sulfur (K–S) batteries (KSBs), which are emerging metal battery (MB) systems. Since KSBs are quite new, there are fundamental questions regarding the electrochemistry of S‐based cathode and of K metal anode, as well as the holistic aspects of full‐cell performance. The manuscript begins with a critical discussion regarding the potassium–sulfur electrochemistry and on how it differs from the much better‐known lithium–sulfur. Cathodes are discussed next, focusing on the role of sulfur structure, carbon host chemistry and porosity, and electrolytes in establishing the reversible potassium sulfide K2Sn phase sequence, the parasitic polysulfide shuttle, pulverization‐driven capacity fade, etc. Following is a discussion of solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs), including of hybrid solid–liquid systems that show much promise. Potassium metal anodes are then critically reviewed, emphasizing electrolyte reactions to form stable versus unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), covering the current understanding of potassium dendrites, and highlighting the deep‐eutectic K–Na alloying approaches for room temperature liquid anodes. The manuscript concludes with K–S batteries, focusing on cell architectures and providing quantitative performance comparisons as master plots. Unanswered scientific/technological questions are identified, emerging research opportunities are discussed, and potential experimental and simulation‐based studies that can unravel these unknowns are proposed.

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Section: Sulfur‐based Cathode Architecturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Emerging Potassium–Sulfur Batteries

et al. 2020

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“…Summary of cathode materials for K-S batteries. [1][2][3]8,9,14,[18][19][20][21]25,27,29] Refs. the practical problems existing in K-S batteries.…”

Section: Trapping S In Carbon Host-carbon/sulfur Compositementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The former undergoes a more advanced development originated from a series of practical breakthroughs, such as the general recognition of the discharge products, the optimization of sulfur cathodes to address the low conductivity, and the successful modification of electrolyte or separator to retard the polysulfide dissolution. [24,26,42] Specifically, the performances of K-S batteries have not been satisfactory because of following four main limitations: [25,[27][28][29] 1) the infamous shuttle effect of soluble potassium-polysulfide restrict full reduction/oxidation in the charge/discharge process, which results in a poor coulombic efficiency and an obvious capacity decay; 2) the insulating nature of sulfur results in a limited utilization of theoretical capacity; 3) the large ionic radius of K + (1.38 Å vs Li + , 0.76 Å) makes it difficult to insert/extract rapidly in the carbon-based anodes, causing slow diffusion dynamics; meanwhile, the density difference of charge/discharge products causes volume exploding of electrode, deteriorating electrochemical reversibility; 4) the high reactivity K-metal anode leads to unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and dendrite growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Insights, Developing Strategies, and Perspectives toward Advanced Potassium–Sulfur Batteries

Yuan

Zhu

Feng

et al. 2020

Small

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The boosting demand for high-capacity energy storage systems requires innovative battery technologies with low-cost and sustainability. The advancement of potassium-sulfur (K-S) batteries have been triggered recently due to abundant resource and cost effectiveness. However, the functional performance of K-S batteries is fundamentally restricted by the vague understanding of K-S electrochemistry and the imperfect cell components or architectures, facing the issues of low cathode conductivity, intermediate shuttle loss, poor anode stability, electrode volume fluctuation, etc. Inspired by considerable research efforts on rechargeable metal-sulfur batteries, the holistic K-S system can be stabilized and promoted through various strategies on rational physical regulation and chemical engineering. In this review, first an attempt is made to address the electrochemical kinetic concept of K-S system on the basis of the emerging studies. Then, the classification of performance-improving strategies is thoroughly discussed in terms of specific battery component and prospective outlooks in materials optimization, structure innovations, as well as relevant electrochemistry are provided. Finally, the critical perspectives and challenges are discussed to demonstrate the forward-looking developmental directions of K-S batteries. This review not only endeavors to provide a deep understanding of the electrochemistry mechanism and rational designs for high-energy K-S batteries, but also encourages more efforts in their large-scale practical realization.

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“…To date, the SPAN cathode is the most widely used cathode for K-S batteries, as shown in Table 3. 38,41,66,67 Liu et al fabricated a room temperature K-S battery using SPAN with sulfur content of 38 wt% as the cathode. The K-S battery showed a high reversible capacity of 710 mA h g −1 and good rate performance.…”

Section: Small Molecular and Covalent Sulfur Cathodementioning

confidence: 99%

Potassium‐sulfur batteries: Status and perspectives

Zhao

Lü

Qian

et al. 2020

EcoMat

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This review article aims to provide insight into the research status of the potassium‐sulfur (K‐S) system, feature the challenges facing this technology, and present possible research directions for the realization of its practical applications. We begin with an introduction to the fundamental electrochemistry of K‐S batteries and emphasize the distinctions between K‐S technology and the well‐established lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) system. Then, we focus on the development of the materials involved in K‐S batteries in terms of cathodes, K anodes, and various electrolyte systems. Finally, we provide several possible research directions to make the K‐S system a reality, with the emphasis, from our point of view, on the attempts to construct practical parameters for K‐S batteries by adopting the critical metrics of the current Li‐S system.

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Iodine-doped sulfurized polyacrylonitrile with enhanced electrochemical performance for room-temperature sodium/potassium sulfur batteries

Abstract: Iodine-doped sulfurized polyacrylonitrile with high conductivity displays an unprecedented capacity for RT-Na/S and RT-K/S batteries operated in ester-based electrolytes.

Cited by 90 publications

References 28 publications

Review of Emerging Potassium–Sulfur Batteries

Review of Emerging Potassium–Sulfur Batteries

Electrochemical Insights, Developing Strategies, and Perspectives toward Advanced Potassium–Sulfur Batteries

Potassium‐sulfur batteries: Status and perspectives

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