Iodine-deficiency disorders

Zimmermann, Michael; Jooste, P. L.; Pandav, Chandrakant S

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)61005-3

Cited by 800 publications

(579 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…Nearly 20 million children born each year in this region are at some risk of mental impairment due to hypothyroidism in the mother and/or the fetus (4,5) . The three main indicators currently used for IDD monitoring to indicate iodine sufficiency are: (i) median urinary iodine excretion (UIE) .100 mg/l, with ,20 % of the population having UIE , 50 mg/l; (ii) enlarged thyroid gland by palpation or ultrasonography (goitre) present in ,5 % of the population; and (iii) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) .5 mU/l in ,3 % of neonates (1)(2)(3) . Thailand is one of the countries in South-East Asia where IDD is endemic (4,6) .…”

Section: Iodine Deficiency Neonatal Thyroid-stimulating Hormonementioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal iodine status and neonatal thyroid-stimulating hormone concentration: a community survey in Songkhla, southern Thailand

Jaruratanasirikul

Sangsupawanich

Kor-anantakul

et al. 2009

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To determine iodine intake and urinary iodine excretion (UIE) in a group of pregnant Thai women and the concentration of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in their neonates. Design: A prospective cohort study. Setting: Three districts of Songkhla, southern Thailand. Subjects: Two hundred and thirty-six pregnant women. Results: A quarter of the participants lacked knowledge of iodine and the prevention of iodine deficiency, although 70 % used iodized salt. Those who did not use iodized salt stated that they had no knowledge about iodine (57 %) and no iodized salt was sold in their village (36 %). The median iodine intake in the three districts was 205-240 mg/d, with 53-74 % of pregnant women having iodine intake ,250 mg/d. The median UIE in the three districts was 51-106 mg/l, with 24-35 % having UIE , 50 mg/l. The mean neonatal TSH was 2?40 (SD 1?56) mU/l, with 8?9 % of neonates having TSH . 5 mU/l. Conclusions: The studied women and their fetuses were at risk of mild iodine deficiency. About a quarter of the participants lacked knowledge of the importance of iodine. Education regarding the importance of iodine supplements and the promotion of iodized salt should be added to national health-care policies in order to prevent iodine-deficiency disorders, diseases that are subclinical but have long-term sequelae. Keywords Iodine deficiency Neonatal thyroid-stimulating hormoneNeonatal TSH screening Urinary iodine excretionIodine-deficiency disorders (IDD) are a global public health problem (1)(2)(3) . Data from the WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia (SEARO) in 2004 showed that 600 million people worldwide were at risk of IDD and 172 million people were affected with goitre (4) . Nearly 20 million children born each year in this region are at some risk of mental impairment due to hypothyroidism in the mother and/or the fetus (4,5) . The three main indicators currently used for IDD monitoring to indicate iodine sufficiency are: (i) median urinary iodine excretion (UIE) .100 mg/l, with ,20 % of the population having UIE , 50 mg/l; (ii) enlarged thyroid gland by palpation or ultrasonography (goitre) present in ,5 % of the population; and (iii) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) .5 mU/l in ,3 % of neonates (1)(2)(3) . Thailand is one of the countries in South-East Asia where IDD is endemic (4,6) . In 1989, the 'National IDD Control Project' on household and industrial salt iodization was established as a strategy for IDD elimination. However, a survey in 1997 in the north and north-east, the major endemic areas of IDD in Thailand, found that the prevalence of goitre in schoolchildren was still as high as 20-30 % and the prevalence of neonatal TSH concentration .5 mU/l was 30-50 % (7,8) . In southern Thailand, a coastal region, IDD was less prevalent as indicated by the 3-5 % goitre prevalence in schoolchildren and the higher levels of UIE (9) . However, a recent 2004 study indicated the prevalence of neonatal TSH . 5 mU/l in the fourteen provinces of southern Thailand to be 10-30 % (10) , indicatin...

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Section: Iodine Deficiency Neonatal Thyroid-stimulating Hormonementioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal iodine status and neonatal thyroid-stimulating hormone concentration: a community survey in Songkhla, southern Thailand

Jaruratanasirikul

Sangsupawanich

Kor-anantakul

et al. 2009

Public Health Nutr.

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“…Iodine is an essential nutrient for humans, and iodine deficiency has many adverse effects on growth and development, including thyroid enlargement (goiter) and severe mental de ciency (Zimmermann et al 2008). According to an estimation by WHO, approximately 2 billion people in the world have insu cient intake of iodine (de Benoist et al 2008).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rice OsHOL1 and OsHOL2 proteins have S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferase activities toward iodide ions

Takekawa

Nakamura

2012

Plant Biotechnology

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“…USI is now implemented in nearly all countries worldwide and two thirds of the world's population is actually covered by iodized salt. 3 However, just as low dietary intake can result in a number of thyroid related problems, so can excess intake. Excess iodine intake has been found to be associated with iodine induced hyperthyroidism (IIH) and autoimmune thyroiditis, due to the stimulation of proliferation of thyroid follicular cells and thereby increasing the chance of mutations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of iodine deficiency among multinodular goiter patients: a South Indian study

2017

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Background: Mass iodization of table salt was introduced by the Government of India to treat as well as prevent iodine deficiency problems including goitres. However, even after so many years of introduction of iodized salt, the number of patients reporting with multi nodular goiter to the hospitals in Kerala seems to be high. The coastal districts of Trivandrum and Kollam report especially high prevalence of goitres and subsequently thyroidectomies. The aim of this study was to find the prevalence of iodine deficiency among patients with multi nodular goiter in South Kerala.Methods: This was a cross sectional study of 300 patients admitted with multinodular goitre in the general surgical wards of Government Medical College Trivandrum, Kerala, India. From June 2013 to June 2014, these patients were evaluated clinically and with the investigatory facilities available at this institution. Their urine spot iodine excretion levels were measured at the laboratory of state iodine deficiency control cell, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.Results: Out of the 300 cases, 6 patients were found to have mild iodine deficiency. Mean iodine level was normal at 170 microgram per decilitre. The prevalence of iodine deficiency in multinodular goiter cases studied was found to be 2%.Conclusions: The high prevalence of multinodular goiter cases in Kerala cannot be sited per se as due to iodine deficiency as only 2% of the total number of cases studied had low urine iodine levels. This raises a question whether the salt iodization programme needs to be re-analyzed and possibly re-structured for the state of Kerala.

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Iodine-deficiency disorders

Cited by 800 publications

References 97 publications

Maternal iodine status and neonatal thyroid-stimulating hormone concentration: a community survey in Songkhla, southern Thailand

Maternal iodine status and neonatal thyroid-stimulating hormone concentration: a community survey in Songkhla, southern Thailand

Rice OsHOL1 and OsHOL2 proteins have S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferase activities toward iodide ions

Prevalence of iodine deficiency among multinodular goiter patients: a South Indian study

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