Iodine and Selenium Intakes of Postmenopausal Women in New Zealand

Brough, Louise; Gunn, Caroline; Weber, Janet L.; Coad, Jane; Jin, Ying; Thomson, Jasmine S.; Mauze, Mathilde; Kruger, Marlena C.

doi:10.3390/nu9030254

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Estimated median iodine intake in the control group and the group of women with Hashimoto's thyroiditis based on urine was 142.22 µg/day and 105.55 µg/day respectively, below RDI of 150 µg/day in both groups; although, lower in the Hashimoto's group (Table 1). The presence of iodine and selenium deficiencies in this study is supported by the study of Brough, et al (2017) with mild ID and low selenium intake of postmenopausal women in New Zealand [34]. Median UIC was 57 µg/L, while estimated median iodine intake based on urine was 138 µg/day, below RDI (150 µg/day).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 60%

Iodine status in European women in New Zealand with moderate selenium deficiency

Jowitt¹,

Duxbury²

2017

Integr Mol Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

For the optimal function of thyroid gland, adequate intakes of iodine and selenium are required. Since iodine is essential component of the thyroid hormones, its insufficiency leads to inadequate hormone production and further to inadequate tissue response (hypothyroidism), goitre, stillbirth and miscarriages, and growth retardation. According to the World Health Organisation the recommended median urinary iodine concentrations (UIC) are the best indicators of iodine nutrition. The WHO defines iodine sufficiency in an adult population as a median UIC of > 100 µg/L in spot urine samples. Iodine deficiency was and still is a problem in New Zealand. In September 2009 the mandatory fortification of all bread with iodized salt was introduced. Therefore, the primary aim of the study was to determine the levels of iodine in both groups, and the secondary aim of the study was to determine whether there is a relationship between selenium and iodine, and iodine and thyroid hormones in two groups of European women. Urinary iodine concentration was determined in spot samples by the new method called "Fast B", which is improved Sandell-Kolthoff reaction. The results of the study showed the mean urinary iodine level in the control group and the group of women with the Hashimoto's thyroiditis was 120.77± 59.35 (median UIC was128.00 µg/L), and 98.64 ± 62.83 (median UIC was 95.00 µg/L), respectively. Estimated daily iodine intake of 150µg/ day was achieved in five participants in the control group, and four participants in the group of women with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Estimated median iodine intake in the control group and Hashimoto's group was 142.22 and 105.55, respectively, indicating mild iodine deficiency. There was no significant relationships found between iodine and selenium, and iodine and thyroid hormones in both groups. The results of the current study are in line with the results from larger studies carried out in New Zealand. Iodine intakes appear to have improved after the mandatory fortification of bread with iodised salt in 2009, although iodine deficiency is still a problem in New Zealand. Using an iodine fortified bread clearly made an impact on the overall iodine intake but not to the expected level. There was no association found between iodine and selenium, and iodine and thyroid hormones. Any possible interaction between selenium and iodine is still unclear.

show abstract

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 60%

Iodine status in European women in New Zealand with moderate selenium deficiency

Jowitt¹,

Duxbury²

2017

Integr Mol Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Among adults, the recommended daily intake (RDI) of iodine is 150 microgram/day, which is considered to be the appropriate amount to allow for normal T4 production without stressing the thyroid [ 112 ]. Several studies have reported of low intake of iodine and iodine deficiency [ 114 , 115 , 116 , 117 , 118 ]. On the other hand, Iceland has been known for its population’s good iodine status, which is possibly due to their high intake of lean fish and here the most commonly consumed fish is haddock and cod [ 115 , 119 ].…”

Section: Nutritional Contribution Of Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One exception is Finland where the selenium levels are now sufficient after a nationwide selenium fertilization programme initiated due to this country having the lowest levels in the world in the early 1980s [ 123 ]. In a Spanish population ( n = 2009, 50% men), 25% did not meet the recommended intake [ 124 ], and as much as half of a group of postmenopausal women ( n = 97) in New Zealand did not meet the recommended intake of 50 microgram/day [ 114 ].…”

Section: Nutritional Contribution Of Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrients in Fish and Possible Associations with Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Metabolic Syndrome

2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Non-communicable diseases (NSDs) are responsible for two-thirds of all deaths globally, whereas cardiovascular disease (CVD) alone counts for nearly half of them. To reduce the impact of CVD, targeting modifiable risk factors comprised in metabolic syndrome (e.g., waist circumference, lipid profile, blood pressure, and blood glucose) is of great importance. Beneficial effects of fish consumption on CVD has been revealed over the past decades, and some studies suggest that fish consumption may have a protective role in preventing metabolic syndrome. Fish contains a variety of nutrients that may contribute to health benefits. This review examines current recommendations for fish intake as a source of various nutrients (proteins, n-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, iodine, selenium, and taurine), and their effects on metabolic syndrome and the CVD risk factors. Fatty fish is recommended due to its high levels of n-3 fatty acids, however lean fish also contains nutrients that may be beneficial in the prevention of CVD.

show abstract

“…Selenium deficiency and iron deficiency anemia may negatively affect thyroid hormone synthesis by impairing selenium- and iron-dependent enzyme activities, even if iodine status is adequate [ 5 ]. Most previous research has investigated iodine, selenium, and iron intake/status separately or a combination of any two of them among women of childbearing age [ 8 ] and postmenopausal women [ 9 ]. However, further research is needed to explore all three micronutrients together, acknowledging their close relationship in thyroid hormone synthesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mother and Infant Nutrition Investigation in New Zealand (MINI Project): Protocol for an Observational Longitudinal Cohort Study

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Thyroid dysfunction is associated with cognitive impairment, mood disturbance, and postnatal depression. Sufficient thyroid hormone synthesis requires adequate intake of iodine, selenium, and iron. Iodine deficiency was historically a problem for New Zealand, and initiatives were introduced to overcome the problem: (1) mandatory fortification of all bread (except organic) with iodized salt (2009) and (2) provision of subsidized iodine supplements for pregnant and breastfeeding women (2010). Subsequent to these initiatives, most adults and children have adequate iodine status; however, status among breastfeeding women and their infants remains unclear. This paper outlines the methodology of the Mother and Infant Nutrition Investigation (MINI) study: an observational longitudinal cohort study of breastfeeding women and their infants. Objective This study will determine (1) women’s iodine intake and status among supplement users and nonusers; (2) women’s intake and status of iodine, selenium, and iron relating to thyroid function; (3) associations between women’s selenium status, thyroid function, and postnatal depression; (4) infants’ iodine and selenium status relating to first year neurodevelopment. Methods Breastfeeding women aged over 16 years with a healthy term singleton infant were recruited from Manawatu, New Zealand. Participants attended study visits 3, 6, and 12 months postpartum. Maternal questionnaires investigated supplement use before and after birth, iodine knowledge, and demographic information. Dietary assessment and urine, blood, and breast milk samples were taken to measure iodine, selenium, and iron intake/status. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was used repeatedly to screen for postnatal depression. Thyroid hormones (free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, thyroid stimulating hormone, thyroglobulin, antithyroglobulin antibodies, and antithyroid peroxidase) were measured in blood samples, and thyroid gland volume was measured by ultrasound at 6 months postpartum. Infant iodine and selenium concentrations were determined in urine. The Ages and Stages Questionnaire was used to assess infant development at 4, 8, and 12 months. Results Data collection was completed. Biological samples analysis, excluding nail clippings, is complete. Data analysis and presentation of the results will be available after 2020. Conclusions This study will provide data on the current iodine status of breastfeeding women. It will also provide a greater understanding of the three essential minerals required for optimal thyroid function among breastfeeding women. The prospective longitudinal design allows opportunities to examine women’s mental health and infant neurodevelopment throughout the first year, a crucial time for both mothers and their infants. Trial Registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12615001028594; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=369324 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/18560

show abstract

Iodine and Selenium Intakes of Postmenopausal Women in New Zealand

Cited by 9 publications

References 22 publications

Iodine status in European women in New Zealand with moderate selenium deficiency

Iodine status in European women in New Zealand with moderate selenium deficiency

Nutrients in Fish and Possible Associations with Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Metabolic Syndrome

Mother and Infant Nutrition Investigation in New Zealand (MINI Project): Protocol for an Observational Longitudinal Cohort Study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About