Iodide‐Selective Electrode Based on Copper Phthalocyanine

Shahrokhian, Saeed; Taghani, Abdollah; Moattar, Fereidoon

doi:10.1002/elan.200290002

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Potentiometric methods on ion-selective electrodes, offer great advantages such as speed and ease of preparation and procedures, relatively fast response, reasonable selectivity, wide linear dynamic range and low cost [1,2]. Calixarenes are metacyclophanes comprising phenolic and methylene units.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silver(I)‐Selective PVC Membrane Potentiometric Sensor Based on a Recently Synthesized Calix[4]arene

et al. 2006

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A new PVC membrane potentiometric sensor for Ag(I) ion based on a recently synthesized calix[4]arene compound of 5,11,17,23-tetra-tert-butyl-25,27-dihydroxy-calix[4]arene-thiacrown-4 is developed. The electrode exhibits a Nernstian response for Ag(I) ions over a wide concentration range (1.0 Â 10 À2 À 1.0 Â 10 À6 M) with a slope of 53.8 AE 1.6 mV per decade. It has a relatively fast response time (5 -10 s) and can be used for at least 2 months without any considerable divergence in potentials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silver(I)‐Selective PVC Membrane Potentiometric Sensor Based on a Recently Synthesized Calix[4]arene

et al. 2006

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“…Many organic and inorganic compounds have been investigated as sensing agents in producing ISEs. [8][9][10][11] Dithiazone, 12 1,4-dithia-12-crown-4, 13 hexathia-18-crown-6-tetrone, 14 and 2-mercaptobenzimidazole 15 have been reported in the literature as Hg…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mercury(II) Ion-Selective Electrodes Based on p-tert-Butyl Calix[4]crowns with Imine Units

Mahajan

Kaur

et al. 2004

ANAL. SCI.

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Due to the toxic nature of mercury, many methods have been developed for its detection and treatment in various chemical systems. Of these, potentiometric detection based on two types of ion-selective electrodes is described in the literature for the detection of mercury ions. 1,2 One is a solid-state mercury(II) sulfide electrode; 1 the other is a liquid-membrane electrode, 3 which is one of the most important types of chemical sensors. Liquid-membrane electrodes, prepared with a poly(vinyl chloride) immobilized carrier, are easy to implement, inexpensive and reliable. [4][5][6][7] These electrodes show good stability, a relatively fast response time and a wide dynamic range. Many organic and inorganic compounds have been investigated as sensing agents in producing ISEs. 8-11Dithiazone, 12 1,4-dithia-12-crown-4, 13 hexathia-18-crown-6-tetrone, 14 and 2-mercaptobenzimidazole 15 have been reported in the literature as Hg 2+-PVC-based membrane electrodes having a good Nernstian response and a high ion selectivity.Calixarenes, due to their suitable complexation characteristics with cations, have been used as neutral ionophores in ionselective electrodes. [16][17][18][19] Calixarene tetraesters and related derivatives have been used as sensing agents in sodium-sensors for the chemical analysis of sodium in body fluids. 19,20 Structural modifications of the calix and the binding sites and a variation in the cavity size have been mainly responsible for the use of calixarenes as selective sensing agents for ions other than sodium. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27] Calixarenes with soft donor atoms as binding sites have also been reported as ion-selective electrodes for heavymetal ions (silver, copper, lead). [28][29][30] Recently, silver and cesium ion-selective electrodes have been reported by our group. [24][25][26][27] Continuing efforts in the same direction, the present paper deals with a mercury(II) ion-selective electrode based on the p-tert-butyl calix[4]crown derivative with imine units as an ionophore (Scheme 1). The electrode exhibits a good response for mercury(II) ions over a concentration range of 5.0 × 10 -5 -1.0 × 10 -1 M with a near-Nernstian slope of 27.3 mV per decade. The electrode shows high selectivity for mercury(II) ions over most of the alkali, alkaline-earth and transition metal ions (Na + , ExperimentalIonophore p-tert-Butyl calix[4]crowns with imine units used as an ionophore in this work was synthesized in our laboratory. Synthesis of the ionophore involved the formation of an aldehyde by generating a phenoxide ion, followed by an attack on the bromides to give dialdehyde, which was then condensed with the calixamine to give a [1+1] Schiff base product (Scheme 1). Other reagentsAll of the reagents used were of analytical-reagent grade. High-molecular-weight poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), bis(2-ethylhexyl)sebacate (DOS), bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DOP), bis(2-ethylhexyl)adipate (DOA), tri-n-butylphosphate (TBP), 1-decanol, and especially dried tetrahydrofuran were used as received from Fluka. Sodiu...

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“…[11,12] Various iron(iii) porphyrins, TOABr, and NaTPB were incorporated in the membranes. Solutions of 0.01 m sodium salicylate and 0.01 m NaCl were used as internal filling solutions in all electrodes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Ion‐Carrier Substituents on the Potentiometric‐Response Characteristics in Anion‐Selective Membrane Electrodes Based on Iron Porphyrins

Shahrokhian¹,

Bagherzadeh²,

Mousavi³

2004

ChemPhysChem

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The potentiometric response characteristics with respect to salicylate anion of several membrane electrodes based on iron(III) tetraphenylporphyrin chloride (FeTPPCl) and derivatives with electrophilic and nucleophilic substituents, incorporated into plasticized polyvinylchloride (PVC) membranes were investigated. Complexes tetraphenyl porphyrin iron(III) chloride (FeTPPCl; A), tetrakis (4-methoxyphenyl) porphyrin iron(III) chloride (Fe(TOCH3PP)Cl; B), tetrakis (2,6-dichlorophenyl) porphyrin iron(III) chloride (Fe(TDClPP)Cl; C), tetrakis (4-nitrophenyl) porphyrin iron(III) chloride (Fe(TNO2PP)Cl; D), and tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) porphyrin iron(III) chloride (Fe(TPFPP)Cl; E) were used as anion carriers in the membrane electrodes. The sensitivity, working range, detection limit, response mechanism, and selectivity of the membrane sensor toward interference shows a considerable dependence on the type of carrier substituent and the pH value of the sample solution. Potentiometric investigations in solutions of various pH show that the carrier complex containing fluoro substituents (E), which have very strong electron-accepting properties and a high ability to form hydrogen bonds, is capable of serving as a positively charged ionophore. Some other ionophores are capable of serving as both charged and neutral carriers under different conditions. The electrodes prepared in this work show super-Nernstian slopes with respect to salicylate concentration, which tend to a Nernstian response (slope near to -59 mV decade-1) upon an increase of the pH of the test solution. The results of UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy are used for interpretation of the formation of an oxene complex between salicylate and iron porphyrins.

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Iodide‐Selective Electrode Based on Copper Phthalocyanine

Cited by 29 publications

References 35 publications

Silver(I)‐Selective PVC Membrane Potentiometric Sensor Based on a Recently Synthesized Calix[4]arene

Silver(I)‐Selective PVC Membrane Potentiometric Sensor Based on a Recently Synthesized Calix[4]arene

Mercury(II) Ion-Selective Electrodes Based on p-tert-Butyl Calix[4]crowns with Imine Units

Effects of Ion‐Carrier Substituents on the Potentiometric‐Response Characteristics in Anion‐Selective Membrane Electrodes Based on Iron Porphyrins

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